Search results for "brightness"

showing 10 items of 162 documents

The SMAP and Copernicus Sentinel 1A/B microwave active-passive high resolution surface soil moisture product

2019

Abstract Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission of NASA was launched in January 2015. Currently, SMAP has an L-band radiometer and a defunct L-band radar with a rotating 6-m mesh reflector antenna. On July 7th, 2015, the SMAP radar malfunctioned and became inoperable. Consequently, the production of high-resolution active-passive soil moisture product got hampered, and only ~2.5 months (April 15th, 2015 to July 7th, 2015) of data remain available. Therefore, during the SMAP post-radar phase, many ways were examined to restart the high-resolution soil moisture product generation of the SMAP mission. One of the feasible approaches was to substitute the SMAP radar with other available SAR…

National Snow and Ice Data Center010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences0208 environmental biotechnologySoil Science02 engineering and technology01 natural scienceslaw.inventionlawCalibrationComputers in Earth SciencesRadarImage resolution0105 earth and related environmental sciencesRemote sensingRadiometeractive-passiveGeologySMAPradiometer020801 environmental engineeringBrightness temperatureTemporal resolutionEnvironmental sciencesoil moistureMicrowaveSARRemote Sensing of Environment
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Deep ROSAT-HRI observations of the NGC 1399/NGC 1404 region: morphology and structure of the X-ray halo

2001

We present the analysis of a deep (167 ks) ROSAT HRI observation of the cD galaxy NGC 1399 in the Fornax cluster. Using both HRI and, at larger radii, archival PSPC data, we find that the radial behavior of the X-ray surface brightness profile is not consistent with a simple Beta model and suggests instead three distinct components. We use a multi-component bidimensional model to study in detail these three components that we identify respectively with the cooling flow region, the galactic and the cluster halo. From these data we derive a binding mass distribution in agreement with that suggested by optical dynamical indicators, with an inner core dominated by luminous matter and an extende…

Nuclear and High Energy PhysicsAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaFOS: Physical sciencesAstrophysicsAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic AstrophysicsGalaxies: jetCooling flowAstrophysicsRadio continuum: galaxieSettore FIS/05 - Astronomia E AstrofisicaGalaxies: clusters: individual (Fornax)ROSATclusters: individual (Fornax); Galaxies: halos; Galaxies: jets; Radio continuum: galaxies; X-rays: galaxies X-rays: individual (NGC 1399 NGC 1404); Space and Planetary Science; Nuclear and High Energy Physics [Galaxies]Surface brightnessFornax ClusterAstrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsPhysicsAstrophysics (astro-ph)Astronomy and AstrophysicsGalaxyRam pressureDark matter haloSpace and Planetary ScienceHaloGalaxies: haloX-rays: galaxies X-rays: individual (NGC 1399 NGC 1404)
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THE RELATION BETWEEN AGN GAMMA-RAY EMISSION AND PARSEC-SCALE RADIO JETS

2009

We have compared the radio emission from a sample of parsec-scale AGN jets as measured by the VLBA at 15 GHz, with their associated gamma-ray properties that are reported in the Fermi LAT 3-month bright source list. We find in our radio-selected sample that the gamma-ray photon flux correlates well with the quasi-simultaneously measured compact radio flux density. The LAT-detected jets in our radio-selected complete sample generally have higher compact radio flux densities, and their parsec-scale cores are brighter (i.e., have higher brightness temperature) than the jets in the LAT non-detected objects. This suggests that the jets of bright gamma-ray AGN have preferentially higher Doppler-b…

PhotonActive galactic nucleusAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaFOS: Physical sciencesAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic AstrophysicsAstrophysics01 natural sciencesParseclaw.inventionTelescopelaw0103 physical sciences010303 astronomy & astrophysicsAstrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)Physics010308 nuclear & particles physicsGamma rayAstronomy and AstrophysicsAstrophysics - Astrophysics of GalaxiesGalaxySpace and Planetary ScienceAstrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)Brightness temperatureAstrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaFermi Gamma-ray Space TelescopeThe Astrophysical Journal
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Characterizing Lenses and Lensed Stars of High-magnification Single-lens Gravitational Microlensing Events with Lenses Passing over Source Stars

2012

We present the analysis of the light curves of 9 high-magnification single-lens gravitational microlensing events with lenses passing over source stars, including OGLE-2004-BLG-254, MOA-2007-BLG-176, MOA-2007-BLG-233/OGLE-2007-BLG-302, MOA-2009-BLG-174, MOA-2010-BLG-436, MOA-2011-BLG-093, MOA-2011-BLG-274, OGLE-2011-BLG-0990/MOA-2011-BLG-300, and OGLE-2011-BLG-1101/MOA-2011-BLG-325. For all events, we measure the linear limb-darkening coefficients of the surface brightness profile of source stars by measuring the deviation of the light curves near the peak affected by the finite-source effect. For 7 events, we measure the Einstein radii and the lens-source relative proper motions. Among the…

Physics010308 nuclear & particles physicsBrown dwarfFOS: Physical sciencesAstronomy and Astrophysicsgravitational lensing: microAstrophysicsMass ratioLight curveGravitational microlensing01 natural sciencesGalaxy: bulgeGalaxy: bulge gravitational lensing: microEinstein radiuslaw.inventionLens (optics)StarsAstrophysics - Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsSettore FIS/05 - Astronomia e AstrofisicaSpace and Planetary Sciencelaw0103 physical sciencesSurface brightness010303 astronomy & astrophysicsSolar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
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Can turbulence within the field of view cause significant biases in radiative transfer modeling at the 183 GHz band?

2018

The hypothesis whether turbulence within the passive microwave sounders field of view can cause significant biases in radiative transfer modeling at the 183 GHz water vapor absorption band is tested. A novel method to calculate the effects of turbulence in radiative transfer modeling is presented. It is shown that the turbulent nature of water vapor in the atmosphere can be a critical component of radiative transfer modeling in this band. Radiative transfer simulations are performed comparing a uniform field with a turbulent one. These comparisons show frequency dependent biases which can be up to several kelvin in brightness temperature. These biases can match experimentally observe…

PhysicsAtmospheric Science010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesTurbulencelcsh:TA715-787lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations0211 other engineering and technologies02 engineering and technology01 natural sciencesClear-air turbulenceComputational physicslaw.inventionlcsh:Environmental engineeringPhysics::Fluid DynamicsTroposphereAtmospherelawBrightness temperatureRadiosondeRadiative transferlcsh:TA170-171Water vaporPhysics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics021101 geological & geomatics engineering0105 earth and related environmental sciencesAtmospheric Measurement Techniques
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Imaging strong blazars with space VLBI

2020

Abstract The RadioAstron mission has obtained a series of detailed multi-frequency images of the brightest blazars of the radio sky concentrated in three key science programs. We present here results of the program on powerful jets in blazars. In the first two years of the mission, observations of compact relativistic jets in 0836+710, 3C 345, 3C 273, and 4C +69.21 were made at λ λ  18, 6, and 1.3 cm. The resulting images have revealed compact emitting regions with brightness temperature in excess of 10 13  K and a complex jet structure that can be explained by plasma instability developing in a relativistic outflow. We present here some highlights of these space-VLBI observations, designed…

PhysicsAtmospheric ScienceJet (fluid)Active galactic nucleus010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesmedia_common.quotation_subjectAerospace EngineeringAstronomy and AstrophysicsAstrophysicsSpace (mathematics)01 natural sciencesGeophysicsAstrophysical jetSpace and Planetary ScienceSkyBrightness temperature0103 physical sciencesVery-long-baseline interferometryGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesBlazar010303 astronomy & astrophysics0105 earth and related environmental sciencesmedia_commonAdvances in Space Research
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Properties of the δ Scorpii Circumstellar Disk from Continuum Modeling

2006

We present optical $WBVR$ and infrared $JHKL$ photometric observations of the Be binary system $\delta$ Sco, obtained in 2000--2005, mid-infrared (10 and $18 \mu$m) photometry and optical ($\lambda\lambda$ 3200--10500 \AA) spectropolarimetry obtained in 2001. Our optical photometry confirms the results of much more frequent visual monitoring of $\delta$ Sco. In 2005, we detected a significant decrease in the object's brightness, both in optical and near-infrared brightness, which is associated with a continuous rise in the hydrogen line strenghts. We discuss possible causes for this phenomenon, which is difficult to explain in view of current models of Be star disks. The 2001 spectral energ…

PhysicsBrightness010308 nuclear & particles physicsInfraredBe starAstronomy and AstrophysicsAstrophysicsAstrophysicsPolarization (waves)01 natural sciencesPhotometry (optics)Space and Planetary Science0103 physical sciencesAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsSpectral energy distributionHydrogen lineElectron temperatureAstrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics010303 astronomy & astrophysicsAstrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsThe Astrophysical Journal
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Detection of chromatic microlensing in Q 2237+0305 A

2008

We present narrowband images of the gravitational lens system Q~2237+0305 made with the Nordic Optical Telescope in eight different filters covering the wavelength interval 3510-8130 \AA. Using point-spread function photometry fitting we have derived the difference in magnitude versus wavelength between the four images of Q~2237+0305. At $\lambda=4110$ \AA, the wavelength range covered by the Str\"omgren-v filter coincides with the position and width of the CIV emission line. This allows us to determine the existence of microlensing in the continuum and not in the emission lines for two images of the quasar. Moreover, the brightness of image A shows a significant variation with wavelength w…

PhysicsBrightnessAstrophysics (astro-ph)FOS: Physical sciencesAstronomy and AstrophysicsQuasarAstrophysicsAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic AstrophysicsLight curveGravitational microlensingAstrophysicsPhotometry (optics)Gravitational lensThin diskSpace and Planetary ScienceChromatic scaleAstrophysics::Earth and Planetary AstrophysicsAstrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
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A tale of two GRB-SNe at a common redshift of z=0.54

2011

We present ground-based and HST optical observations of the optical transients (OTs) of long-duration Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) 060729 and 090618, both at a redshift of z = 0.54. For GRB 060729, bumps are seen in the optical light curves (LCs), and the late-time broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the OT resemble those of local type Ic supernovae (SNe). For GRB 090618, the dense sampling of our optical observations has allowed us to detect well-defined bumps in the optical LCs, as well as a change in colour, that are indicative of light coming from a core-collapse SN. The accompanying SNe for both events are individually compared with SN1998bw, a known GRB-supernova, and SN1994I…

PhysicsBrightnessAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaExtinction (astronomy)Astronomy and AstrophysicsContext (language use)Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic AstrophysicsAstrophysicsLight curveRedshiftAfterglowSupernovaSpace and Planetary ScienceAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsGamma-ray burstAstrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
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High-Resolution Radio Observations of Supernova SN1986J

2003

We present high-resolution observations of the supernova SN1986J in the galaxy NGC891 at the frequency of 5 GHz, more than 15 years after its explosion. The image shows a highly distorted shell of radio emission, suggesting that the shock front has been strongly deformed. The brightness distribution within the shell is also highly asymmetric, and we propose that such asymmetry could be due to the collision of the supernova ejecta with an anisotropic, clumpy medium. The average speed of the shell has decreased from about 7400 km s−1 in 1988.74 down to ~ 6300 km s−1 in 1999.14, pointing to a mild deceleration in the expansion of SN 1986J. Assuming a standard density profile for the progenitor…

PhysicsBrightnessAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomenamedia_common.quotation_subjectShell (structure)AstronomyAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic AstrophysicsNear-Earth supernovaAsymmetryGalaxySupernovaAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsEjectaAstrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysicsmedia_commonEnvelope (waves)
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