Search results for "bronchodilator agents"
showing 10 items of 104 documents
Effects of fenspiride on human bronchial cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes: functional and biochemical study.
1998
We have investigated the role of human bronchial cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in the effects of fenspiride, a drug endowed with bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory properties. Functional studies on human isolated bronchi showed that fenspiride (10(-6)-3 x 10(-3) M, 30 min) induced a shift to the left of the concentration-response curves for isoprenaline and sodium nitroprusside with -logEC50 values of 4.1+/-0.1 (n = 7) and 3.5+/-0.2 (n = 8), respectively. Biochemical studies were carried out on three human bronchi in which separation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes was performed by ion exchange chromatography followed by determination of phosphodiesterase activity…
Inter-society consensus document on treatment and prevention of bronchiolitis in newborns and infants
2014
Acute bronchiolitis is the leading cause of lower respiratory t ract infection and hospitalization in children less than 1y ear of age worldwide. It is usually a mild disease, but some children may develop severe symptoms, requiring hospital admission and ventilatory support in the ICU. Infants with pre-existing risk factors (prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart diseases and immunodeficiency) may be predisposed to a severe form of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis is manly based on medical history and physical examination (rhinorrhea, cough, crackles, wheezing and signs of respiratory distress). Etiological diagnosis, with antigen or genome detection to i…
Conditioning following powder micronization: influence on particle growth of salbutamol sulfate.
2003
Micronization is a high-energy process that induces changes in the crystallinity of materials. As a result, the crystalline structures on the particles' surface are being destroyed and amorphous areas are formed. After micronization of salbutamol sulfate to be used in dry powder inhalers, only small amounts of amorphous material are produced. Nevertheless, even these small amounts can have important effects on the physical stability of the powder. The amorphous state is thermodynamically unstable and tends to convert to the stable, crystalline state. The recrystallization process of disordered regions on the particles' surface leads to particle growth of milled particles. In this case, brid…
Effect of cilomilast (Ariflo) on TNF-α, IL-8, and GM-CSF release by airway cells of patients with COPD
2003
Background: Inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by increased neutrophilic infiltration of the airways. Cilomilast, a novel selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor in clinical development for COPD treatment, exerts anti-inflammatory effects. The ability of cilomilast to inhibit the release of neutrophil chemoattractants such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by bronchial epithelial cells and sputum cells isolated from 10 patients with COPD, 14 normal controls, and 10 smokers was investigated. Methods: Bronchial epithelial cells obtained by bronchial brushing and sputum…
Efficacy of a fixed combination of ciclesonide and formoterol: the EXCITED-study.
2011
SummaryRecommended treatment for moderate to severe asthma is the combination of an inhaled corticosteroid and a long-acting beta2-agonist. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed fixed combination of ciclesonide and formoterol in comparison to the marketed fixed combination of fluticasone and salmeterol in patients with moderate asthma.This was a phase II, multi-centre, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy study. After a 2-week run-in period, 160 patients with moderate asthma were randomized to a 6-week treatment with ciclesonide/formoterol 320/9 μg bid (CIC/F) or fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 250/50 μg bid (FP/S), both delivered a…
Anti-muscarinic drugs as preventive treatment of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in children and adults.
2020
Regular physical activity is strongly recommended to prevent chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma. On the other hand, vigorous physical training may trigger airway symptoms and bronchoconstriction. The transient airway narrowing occurring because of exercise is named exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Despite management according to guidelines, a significant proportion of patients experiences uncontrolled EIB, which thus represents a relevant unmet medical need. In particular, although prevention and treatment of EIB are effectively based on the use of beta-2 bronchodilator drugs, high heterogeneity in individual responses has been reported. Furthermore, even though beta-…
A dose-ranging study of indacaterol in obstructive airways disease, with a tiotropium comparison.
2008
This dose-ranging study assessed the bronchodilator efficacy and tolerability of indacaterol, a novel once-daily inhaled beta2-agonist, in subjects clinically diagnosed with COPD. Comparative data with tiotropium were collected. In the double-blind, core period of the study, 635 subjects with COPD (prebronchodilator FEV(1)40% of predicted and > or =1.0L; FEV1/FVC <70%) were randomized to receive indacaterol 50, 100, 200 or 400microg or placebo via multi-dose dry powder inhaler, or indacaterol 400microg via single-dose dry powder inhaler, once daily for 7 days. After completing double-blind treatment and washout, a subset of subjects from each treatment group entered an open-label extension …
Efficacy of once-daily tiotropium Respimat in adults with asthma at GINA Steps 2-5.
2020
Tiotropium Respimat is an efficacious add-on to maintenance treatment in patients with symptomatic asthma. Currently, the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) strategy recommends tiotropium for patients at Steps 4–5. To assess the clinical benefits of tiotropium Respimat across asthma severities, GINA Steps 2–5, a post hoc analysis of five double-blind trials (12–48-weeks; patients aged 18–75 years) investigated the effect of tiotropium Respimat, 5 μg or 2.5 μg, versus placebo, on peak forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) within 3 h post-dose (FEV1(0–3h)) response, and Asthma Control Questionnaire-7 (ACQ-7) responder rate. GINA step grouping was based on patients’ background treatment regi…
Healthcare costs of the SATisfaction and adherence to COPD treatment (SAT)study follow-up
2019
Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by recurring exacerbations. We estimated the costs of healthcare resources for COPD management funded by the Italian National Healthcare Service (INHS) for one year. Methods We examined the demographic, clinical, and economic variables at enrolment and follow-up visits (at 6 and 12 months) of COPD patients participating in the SAT study and referred to 20 Italian pulmonary centres with different institutional characteristics. Costs were expressed in Euro (€) 2018. A random effects log-linear panel regression model was performed to predict the average cost per patient. Results Most of the centres were public in…
Revising old principles of inhaled treatment in new fixed combinations for asthma.
2015
The major influencing factors on persistent asthma control are the selected treatment(s), the drug delivery route and patient's adherence to therapy, together with the influence of lifestyle (i.e. sedentary habit), comorbid conditions and specific asthma phenotypes. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in combination with a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) are the gold standard for management of persistent asthma, with maximal local targeting and minimal systemic side effects. Several innovative inhaler devices have been developed for effective local drug administration and good patient compliance to therapy. Recently, a new ICS/LABA fixed combination, formulated with fluticasone propionate (FP) and …