Search results for "bsa"

Nature of autoantigens and autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis

1990

Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (AI-CAH) is characterized by young age at onset, predominance of females, hypergammaglobulinemia, response to immunosuppressive treatment and characteristic circulating autoantibodies. This clinical syndrome was first described by Waldenstr6m in 1950 [47]. Later the association of autoimmune hepatitis with antinuclear antibodies (ANA) lead to the term "lupoid hepatitis" [19]. Additional autoantibodies have been described [21]. At least three subgroups of AI-CAH can be distinguished serologically and clinically [28]. As diagnostic tools, autoantibodies help to further differentiate the heterogeneous group of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg)-…

Les enseignants contractuels : Avatars et fatalités de l'Education pour Tous

2007

Movement towards universal education is today at the origin of one of the most significant trend for job creation in sub-Saharan Africa. Following the economic adjustment period and the marked will of the communities to act on the educational sector, alternate status of teachers emerged. These new badly trained teachers, often largely less remunerated compared to civil servants, can gather nowadays in certain countries, the majority of the national teaching staff. This text aims at monitoring various elements on the teaching effectiveness, seemingly satisfactory insofar as they work at low grades in primary school, that on their remuneration and employment conditions which seem to be charac…

: Disparités sociales en éducation en Afrique sub-saharienne : Genre, localisation géographique et revenu du ménage

2006

06018http://www.u-bourgogne.fr/colloque-iredu/posterscom/communications/Mingat.pdf; In this paper we have two complementary objectives: the first consists in proposing a description of the magnitude of social disparities that exist in the systems of education of Sub-Saharan African countries; we focus on recent data but we put also these data in a time perspective. The second objective aims at identifying some of the factors that may explain these disparities or the impact of the actions targeted to their reduction.

Teacher Shortages, Teacher Contracts and their Impacton Education in Africa

2007

Primary school enrolment rates are very low in francophone Africa. In order to enhance education supply, manycountries have launched large teacher recruitment programmes in recent years, whereby teachers are no longer engaged on civil servant positions, but on the basis of (fixed-term) contracts typically implying considerably lower salaries and a sharply reduced duration of professional training. While this policy has led to a boost of primary enrolment, there is a concern about a loss in the quality of education. In this paper we analyse the impact on educational quality, by estimating nonparametrically the quantile treatment effects for Niger, Togo and Mali, based on very informative dat…

L'éducation en Afrique sub-saharienne. Les indicateurs d'efficience et leur utilisation politique

2005

05047; National audience; Cet article examine l'idée selon laquelle les systèmes éducatifs africains ne souffriraient pas tant d'un manque de ressources que d'une mauvaise utilisation de celles-ci. Deux arguments soutiennent cette idée. Le premier relève d'une comparaison internationale de l'efficience fondée sur un indicateur -part des dépenses d'éducation dans le PIB / durée moyenne de scolarisation- défectueux. Le second rrelève de l'estimation des fonctions de production scolaire dont l'interprétation commune des résultats est incorrrecte. Cette double argumentation, discutable, dissuade une forte augmentation de l'aide et encourage l'expansion de systèmes dont la médiocrité, conforme à…

Comment concilier efficacité et équité dans les systèmes éducatifs des pays en développement?

2005

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Factors affecting the amount and the mode of merocyanine 540 binding to the membrane of human erythrocytes. A comparison with the binding to leukemia…

1995

Abstract In the presence of albumin Merocyanine 540 (MC540) exhibits a very limited binding to the outer surface of the membrane of normal erythrocytes, whereas pronounced binding is observed to leukemia cells. To find out whether this difference is due to differences in the composition or structural organization of the cell membrane we analyzed effects of a number of covalent and non-covalent perturbations of the red cell membrane on the binding and fluorescence characteristics of membrane-bound MC540. It is shown that exposure of the cells to cationic chlorpromazine, neuraminidase or photodynamic treatment with AlPcS 4 as sensitizer caused a limited increase (30–50%) of MC540 binding, tog…

The role of metal ions in the thermal aggregation of Bovine Serum Albumin

2009

Éducation et développement

1999

Education and development This chapter deals with the relationship between education, economic growth and development. It provides a review of the literature on recent work aimed at explaining economic growth differences worldwide linked with various national educational policies. It questions the grounds for the weak relation observed in Subsaharan Africa. It concludes that in many instances, educational policies are inappropriate and have not led to a sufficient accumulation of human capital. Several educational policy recommendations are subsequently provided for enhancing educational access within existing budgetary constraint.

Developing Lower secondary education: a rural issue and challenge for sub-saharan Africa

2010

The ongoing progresses of coverage of primary education in Sub-Saharan African Countries are inevitably to impact lower secondary education in a significant manner. Beyond the need for all countries to identify a global policy to deal with the problem, it is important to understand that expansion of coverage of lower secondary education will concern rural populations since coverage is generally already relatively high in cities while it is lagging noticeably in rural settings; many schools will need to be built and operate in a near future. A basic characteristic of rural schools is that most of them enroll only a limited number of students and, in current circumstances tend to cost signifi…