Search results for "budget"
showing 10 items of 255 documents
How Does the Romanian State Support the Increase of Energy Efficiency of Buildings by Using Public Funds?
2020
Abstract The issue of improving the energy efficiency of buildings in Romania is one of interest, both for the state authorities and for the population. The general purpose is to encourage the production of thermal energy and domestic hot water through the use of renewable energy sources. This is part of the EU's long-term objective of decarbonising the existing and inefficient European real estate park. In order to start renovating the existing buildings on the national territory, considerable financial resources are needed which the owners should have. The Romanian state, through the Agency for Environmental Protection, comes to the support the interested persons by granting financial sup…
Le financement de l'éducation (Dossier)
2014
L'auteur est coordinateur du dossier; International audience; La seconde moitié du vingtième siècle a été marquée, partout dans le monde, par un développement considérable du secteur éducatif. Cette évolution concerne tous les niveaux d'enseignement, du primaire au supérieur, et fait peser une lourde charge sur les budgets nationaux. Tous les pays mettent aujourd'hui en ouvre des réformes spécifiques du financement de l'éducation, afin d'accompagner la croissance des effectifs, d'améliorer les résultats et de s'adapter aux nouvelles exigences de la société. Ce numéro 65 de la Revue internationale d'éducation de Sèvres propose un éclairage sur les politiques menées, durant les dernières déce…
Financement et régulation des systèmes éducatifs : innovations et évolution du rôle de l'État
2014
International audience; La seconde moitié du vingtième siècle a été marquée, partout dans le monde, par un développement considérable du secteur éducatif. Cette évolution concerne tous les niveaux d'enseignement, du primaire au supérieur, et fait peser une lourde charge sur les budgets nationaux. Tous les pays mettent aujourd'hui en ouvre des réformes spécifiques du financement de l'éducation, afin d'accompagner la croissance des effectifs, d'améliorer les résultats et de s'adapter aux nouvelles exigences de la société. Ce numéro 65 de la Revue internationale d'éducation de Sèvres propose un éclairage sur les politiques menées, durant les dernières décennies, pour maintenir ou accroître les…
EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
2016
The paper is focused on the efficiency of government activities and possibilities of evaluating it. Nowadays an appropriate use of public finances is an urgent problem of financial management of the state. Therefore, a special emphasis is put on the necessity to evaluate the results of activities of the public sector. These results have become an important element of the public financial system oriented towards results, as they form a stable base for planning and evaluating government budget resources. Being unaware of results, it is impossible to estimate if the aims and tasks set by the government financial policy are real and appropriate to the current situation and financial resources. …
Performance-Based Engineering of Wind-Excited Structures: A General Methodology
2016
The current prescriptive design philosophy that relies simply on meeting requirements stipulated in standards is shifting towards a performance-based design (PBD) approach for achieving designs that rationally meet society’s need for a truly safe built environment. Extensive research has facilitated the successful adoption of PBD in earthquake engineering, but the same cannot be said for wind engineering. Therefore, the need exists to initiate a similar effort by defining a framework that fully embraces the concepts of PBD during the design of building systems to resist severe wind events. This paper illustrates the development of such a PBD framework. In particular, a method is proposed sp…
Fundusz Medyczny - organizacja i zasady gospodarki finansowej
2021
Celem artykułu jest analiza przepisów normujących organizację i zasady gospodarki finansowej Funduszu Medycznego w kontekście funkcji, jakie w doktrynie prawa finansowego przypisuje się funduszom celowym. W pierwszej części opracowania poddano ocenie regulacje dotyczące organizacji i zadań tej jednostki. Drugą poświęcono przedstawieniu źródeł finansowania oraz zasad gospodarki finansowej Funduszu, zwracając szczególną uwagę na problem zasilania tej jednostki tzw. wpłatą z budżetu państwa. Z uwagi na ograniczone ramy artykułu do odrębnego opracowania pozostawiono problematykę programów inwestycyjnych oraz kwestię trybu i zasad przekazywania środków z Funduszu. Stosując metody właściwe współc…
First characterization of Gamkonora gas emission, North Maluku, East Indonesia
2020
Gamkonora is an active volcano capable of intense manifestations that regularly forced thousands of inhabitants to flee their villages. The most extreme eruption, in 1673, was a VEI 5 event that induced pitch-dark environment over the region. Paradoxically, little is known about Gamkonora volcano and here we present the first gas measurement results obtained in September 2018 using a MultiGAS and a scanning DOAS. Results highlight a relatively small but magmatic gas with a CO2/ST of 3.5, in the range of high-temperature gas emissions from Indonesian volcanoes and H2O/SO2, CO2/SO2, H2S/SO2, and H2/SO2 ratios of 135, 5.6, 0.6, and 0.2, respectively. The daily gas emission budget corresponds t…
A Learning Automaton-based Scheme for Scheduling Domestic Shiftable Loads in Smart Grids
2017
In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling shiftable loads, over multiple users, in smart electrical grids. We approach the problem, which is becoming increasingly pertinent in our present energy-thirsty society, using a novel distributed game-theoretic framework. In our specific instantiation, we consider the scenario when the power system has a local-area Smart Grid subnet comprising of a single power source and multiple customers. The objective of the exercise is to tacitly control the total power consumption of the customers’ shiftable loads, so to approach the rigid power budget determined by the power source, but to simultaneously not exceed this threshold. As opposed to the…
Effects of Rayleigh number length thickness of continent on time of mantle flow reversal
1998
Abstract Numerical experiments are carried out to study the effects of continents on the structure of thermal convection in the mantle. The mantle is modelled by a viscous fluid occupying a horizontally extended rectangular 2-D region of aspect ratio 10:1. Continents are treated as thick rigid heat-conducting plates placed in the mantle, with free-slip and with no-slip conditions. Continents restrict the heat release from the underlying mantle; the mantle material heats up and becomes lighter; as a result, a hot upwelling flow replaces downwelling. We calculate the characteristic time τ of this restructuring for various values of model parameters and obtain analytical approximations for τ a…
Shallow magma dynamics at open-vent volcanoes tracked by coupled thermal and SO2 observations
2022
Open-vent volcanic activity is typically sustained by ascent and degassing of shallow magma, in which the rate of magma supply to the upper feeding system largely exceeds the rate of magma eruption. Such unbalance between supplied (input) and erupted (output) magma rates is thought to result from steady, degassing-driven, convective magma overturning in a shallow conduit/feeding dyke. Here, we characterize shallow magma circulation at Stromboli volcano by combining independent observations of heat (Volcanic Radiative Power; via satellite images) and gas (SO2, via UV camera) output in a temporal interval (from August 1, 2018 to April 30, 2020) encompassing the summer 2019 effusive eruption a…