Search results for "calculus"

The Syllogistic with Unity

2011

We extend the language of the classical syllogisms with the sentence-forms “At most 1 p is a q” and “More than 1 p is a q”. We show that the resulting logic does not admit a finite set of syllogism-like rules whose associated derivation relation is sound and complete, even when reductio ad absurdum is allowed.

Geometric Aspects of Thermodynamics

2016

This chapter deals with mathematical aspects of thermodynamics most of which will be seen to be primarily of geometrical nature. Starting with a short excursion to differentiable manifolds we summarize the properties of functions, of vector fields and of one-forms on thermodynamic manifolds. This summary centers on exterior forms over Euclidean spaces and the corresponding differential calculus. In particular, one-forms provide useful tools for the analysis of thermodynamics. A theorem by Caratheodory is developed which is closely related to the second law of thermodynamics. The chapter closes with a discussion of systems which depend on two variables and for which there is an interesting a…

Awareness and partitional information structures

1994

This is the first of two papers where we present a formal model of unawareness. We contrast unawareness with certainty and uncertainty. A subject is certain of something when he knows that thing; he is uncertain when he does not know it, but he knows he does not: he is consciously uncertain. On the other hand, he is unaware of something when he does not know it, and he does not know he does not know, and so on ad infinitum: he does not perceive, does not have in mind, the object of knowledge. The opposite of unawareness is awareness, which includes certainty and uncertainty. This paper has three main purposes. First, we formalize the concept of awareness, and introduce a symmetry axiom whic…

Appendix A: Summary of Basic Formulae

2008

Appendix A: Fundamentals of statistics

2008

Oral manifestation and salivary changes in renal patients undergoing hemodialysis

2017

Background Salivary changes in hemodialysis patients may result in various oral manifestations. This research intended to determine oral manifestations and some salivary markers in hemodialysis patients. Material and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 hemodialysis patients (the patient group) and 30 healthy individuals (the control group). Saliva urea and calcium levels and pH values of the participants were measured, and oral manifestations such as pale mucosa, xerostomia, halitosis, changes in the sense of taste, increased calculus formation, gingival bleeding, etc. were recorded in the information collection form. The data was analyzed using T-test and chi-square, and…

Treatment of paediatric urolithiasis by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.

1988

Non-surgical removal of renal and ureteral stones has proven successful in adults. In this study, 21 paediatric patients have been treated with the first generation extracorporeal shock-wave lithotriptor and an additional 13 children with a second generation local shock-wave lithotriptor. A total of 47 stones was treated. Treatment-related complications such as colics (17%/18.8%) or fever (8.3%/6.2%) were minimal. Stone passage occurred in 93% and 100%, respectively of each group. Open surgery is still the treatment of choice for large staghorn calculi. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy can be performed successfully in paediatric nephrolithiasis with stones of limited size.

Ultrasound litholapaxy of a staghorn calculus.

1977

Abstract A method for removal of a staghorn calculus from the kidney through 1 channel of a U-tube nephrostomy is presented. An ultrasound lithotriptor provided a safe and quick alternative to surgical treatment

Gingival recession: prevalence and risk indicators among young greek adults

2014

Objectives: The aim of the current research was to assess the prevalence of gingival recession and to investigate possible associations among this condition, periodontal and epidemiological variables in a sample of young Greek adults in a general dental practice. Material and Methods: A total of 1,430 young adults was examined clinically and interviewed regarding several periodontal and epidemiological variables. Collected data included demographic variables, oral hygiene habits and smoking status. Clinical examination included the recording of dental plaque, supragingival calculus presence, gingival status and buccal gingival recession. Multivariate logistic regression analysis model was p…

Understanding the microbial biogeography of ancient human dentitions to guide study design and interpretation

2022

©. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This document is the Published manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in FEMS Microbes. To access the final edited and published work see DOI: 10.1093/femsmc/xtac006 The oral cavity is a heterogeneous environment, varying in factors such as pH, oxygen levels, and salivary flow. These factors affect the microbial community composition and distribution of species in dental plaque, but it is not known how well these patterns are reflected in archaeological dental calculus. In most archaeological studies, a single sample of dental calculus is studied p…