Search results for "campus"
showing 10 items of 667 documents
Increased hippocampal head diffusivity predicts impaired episodic memory performance in early Alzheimer's disease
2010
Recent neuroanatomical and functional neuroimaging studies indicate that the anterior part of the hippocampus, rather than the whole structure, may be specifically involved in episodic memory. In the present work, we examined whether anterior structural measurements are superior to other regional or global measurements in mapping functionally relevant degenerative alterations of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Twenty patients with early AD (MMSE 25.7+/-1.7) and 18 healthy controls were studied using magnetic resonance and diffusion-tensor imaging. Using a regions-of-interest analysis, we obtained volumetric and diffusivity measures of the hippocampal head and body-tail-section …
Amygdala-hippocampal atrophy and memory performance in dementia of Alzheimer type.
1997
The aim of the present study was to examine the involvement of brain structures, especially the amygdala-hippocampal complex, in dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT), and to assess the relation of amygdala-hippocampal atrophy with memory dysfunction. 14 patients with DAT and 10 healthy age-matched controls were examined with different neuropsychologic tests including the UCLA-Auditory Verbal Learning Test. MRI was performed with a conventional 1.5-tesla scanner. Atrophy was found in many brain structures of demented subjects in comparison with healthy age-matched controls. The volumes of amygdala-hippocampal complexes and of the temporal lobes of demented subjects were more reduced than the tot…
Distinct patterns of Fos immunoreactivity in striatum and hippocampus induced by different kinds of novelty in mice.
2010
In this study the immediate-early gene Fos was used to investigate the response to different novel stimuli in a wide array of brain regions including the hippocampus, the rhinal cortex, the frontal cortex and different components of the striatal complex. Independent groups of CD-1 mice were exposed to three different novelty conditions: (1) novel environment (empty open field); (2) complex novel environment (i.e. open field containing objects); and (3) identity-based detection of novel objects. We observed that a complex novel environment and a knowledge-based novelty modulated Fos levels in both the dorsal and the ventral components of the striatum, while Fos immunoreactivity in the medial…
Crystal inclusions in subepithelial fibroblasts of the brood pouch of sea horses (hippocampus kuda)
1968
In the subepithelial connective tissue of the inactive broodpouch of sea horses (Hippocampus kuda), fibroblasts with striking crystal inclusions are described light microscopically and electron microscopically in the tunica adventitia of capillaries. These very electron dense crystals turn out to be hexagonal prisms of heterogeneous structures. Results of the X-ray microanalysis and comparison with other crystalline cell inclusions so far described allow the conclusion that they contain an iron protein stored as crystals. The structure and genesis of these crystals as well as the possible importance of the iron protein for the biology of these animals are discussed.
The dendritic spines of interneurons are dynamic structures influenced by PSA-NCAM expression.
2013
Excitatory neurons undergo dendritic spine remodeling in response to different stimuli. However, there is scarce information about this type of plasticity in interneurons. The polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is a good candidate to mediate this plasticity as it participates in neuronal remodeling and is expressed by some mature cortical interneurons, which have reduced dendritic arborization, spine density, and synaptic input. To study the connectivity of the dendritic spines of interneurons and the influence of PSA-NCAM on their dynamics, we have analyzed these structures in a subpopulation of fluorescent spiny interneurons in the hippocampus of glutamic …
PSA-NCAM expression in the piriform cortex of the adult rat. Modulation by NMDA receptor antagonist administration.
2002
Administration of NMDA receptor antagonists upregulates the expression of the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the adult hippocampus. Since the piriform cortex is also populated by PSA-NCAM immunoreactive neurons during adulthood, we sought to characterize them in detail and to test whether NMDA receptor antagonists also modulate PSA-NCAM in this cortical region. PSA-NCAM immunoreactivity is located mainly in layer II, where many neurogliaform and some pyramidal-semilunar transitional neurons are labeled. Many large neurons in layer III and endopiriform nucleus also express PSA-NCAM. Interestingly, some small labeled cells resembling migratory neuroblas…
Phospholipid breakdown and choline release under hypoxic conditions: inhibition by bilobalide, a constituent of Ginkgo biloba
1997
A marked increase of choline release from rat hippocampal slices was observed when the slices were superfused with oxygen-free buffer, indicating hypoxia-induced hydrolysis of choline-containing phospholipids. This increase of choline release was suppressed by bilobalide, an ingredient of Ginkgo biloba, but not by a mixture of ginkgolides. The EC50 value for bilobalide was 0.38 microM. In ex vivo experiments, bilobalide also inhibited hypoxia-induced choline release when given p.o. in doses of 2-20 mg/kg 1 h prior to slice preparation. The half-maximum effect was observed with 6 mg/kg bilobalide. A similar effect was noted after p.o. administration of 200 mg/kg EGb 761, a ginkgo extract con…
N-Valproyl-L-Phenylalanine as new potential antiepileptic drug: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro studies on stability, toxicity and anticonvu…
2013
Valproic acid (VPA) is considered first-line drug in treatment of generalized idiopathic seizures such as absence, generalized tonic-clonic and myoclonic seizures. Among major antiepileptic drugs, VPA is also considered effective in childhood epilepsies and infantile spasms. Due to its broad activity, VPA acts as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder and it is useful in migraine prophylaxis. Despite its long-standing usage, severe reactions to VPA, such as liver toxicity and teratogenicity, are reported. To circumvent side effects due to structural characteristics of VPA, we synthesized in good yield a new VPA-aminoacid conjugate, the N-valproyl-L-Phenylalanine, and characterized by FT-IR, …
Training labels for hippocampal segmentation based on the EADC-ADNI harmonized hippocampal protocol
2015
Abstract Background The European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Harmonized Protocol (HarP) is a Delphi definition of manual hippocampal segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that can be used as the standard of truth to train new tracers, and to validate automated segmentation algorithms. Training requires large and representative data sets of segmented hippocampi. This work aims to produce a set of HarP labels for the proper training and certification of tracers and algorithms. Methods Sixty-eight 1.5 T and 67 3 T volumetric structural ADNI scans from different subjects, balanced by age, medial temporal atrophy, and scanner…
Cordycepin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro.
2011
Cordycepin, (3'-deoxyadenosine), a bioactive compound of Cordyceps militaris, has been shown to exhibit many pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anticancer activities. Little is known about the neuroprotective action of cordycepin as well as its molecular mechanisms. In this study, cordycepin was investigated for its neuroprotective potential in mice with ischemia following 15 min of the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and 4h of reperfusion. The effect of cordycepin was also studied in mice brain slices treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. Our results showed that cordycepin was able to prevent postischemic neuronal degeneration an…