Search results for "carabid"

The role of biotic interactions in a prey-predator system : the case of predation and regulation of weed seeds by carabids.

2020

For the transition towards agricultural production systems that are less dependent on herbicides, the use of weed regulation by seed-eating carabids is of great interest. Weed seed predation by carabids is variable and occurs within a complex context of many biotic interactions. This complexity partly explains our current inability to predict levels of in-field weed regulation. In this thesis, I analysed variations in the levels of predation and biological regulation of weeds and determined how they respond to two classes of biotic interactions: 1) the availability of alternative prey; and, 2) intra- and inter-specific interactions between the carabids themselves. Field measurements carried…

Expérimentarium - Alice au pays des carabes

2016

Rien de tel que les gestes du dessinateur pour faire vivre les gestes du chercheur. Thibault Roy, Marie-Laure Baudement et Jo-Ann Campion ont rencontré des doctorants de toutes disciplines afin d’échanger sur leurs pratiques. Ces dessins illustrent ces rencontres et ces échanges. La Mission Culture Scientifique protège et valorise les collections scientifiques et techniques. Ces collections participent à la recherche et à sa valorisation. Ce sont des ressources irremplaçables pour la science et l’avancement des connaissances dans de nombreux domaines tels que le changement climatique, l’écologie et l’évolution des systèmes vivants, la géologie, l’archéologie, l’ethnologie, l’anthropologie, …

Régulations biologiques des adventices: la prédation par les carabidés en semis direct sous couvert

2013

Spatio-temporal dynamics of weed seed eating carabid species in agricultural mosaics: variation of annual habitat quality of oil seed rape and role o…

2017

National audience; Carabid beetles are considered as important contributors to the regulation of weeds and recent studies have shown that weed seed predation by carabids may partly substitute for herbicide use in agriculture. Enhancing this ecosystem service requires to understand the spatio-temporal distribution of these species during the cropping season. Infra-annual variation in the spatial distribution of ground beetles within agricultural mosaics is less documented but of prime importance given that agricultural landscapes are highly dynamics. Indeed, crop phenology, agricultural operations but also habitat requirements during life cycle can lead to a redistribution of individuals bet…

Biological richness of a large urban cemetery in Berlin. Results of a multi-taxon approach.

2016

Abstract Background Urban green spaces can harbor a considerable species richness of plants and animals. A few studies on single species groups indicate important habitat functions of cemeteries, but this land use type is clearly understudied compared to parks. Such data are important as they (i) illustrate habitat functions of a specific, but ubiquitous urban land-use type and (ii) may serve as a basis for management approaches. New information We sampled different groups of plants and animals in the Weißensee Jewish Cemetery in Berlin (WJC) which is one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Europe. With a total of 608 species of plants and animals, this first multi-taxon survey revealed a c…

Can obligatory omnivore carabids be useful for the biocontrol of weeds?

2017

National audience; Many thousands of carabid individuals exist in farm fields, in communities of carnivore and opportunistic (e.g. granivores) and obligate omnivore guilds. As carabids can eat a substantial amount of weed seeds they are considered as credible biocontrol agents for the regulation of weeds in arable fields. Some studies have suggested that “granivores” are more important biocontrol agents than obligate omnivorous species. Yet, in some instances, obligate omnivores are very abundant and appear to drive the predation of weeds leading some authors to question whether specialist natural enemies are better. Moreover, niche complementarity, facilitation and interference (i.e. intra…

Toward a better prediction of in-field weed regulation by carabid beetles in European arable landscapes

2019

International audience; Arable agriculture is still highly reliant on herbicides to manage weeds. As part of the necessary shift towards a reduction in pesticide use, the regulatory effect of seed-eating carabid beetles on weeds has received increasing attention in agroecological research. While strong evidence points to carabids exerting a regulatory effect on certain weed species, it is difficult to predict whether a particular assemblage of carabid species will drive the function of weed seed predation in field conditions. There are also uncertainties about which key local and landscape-scale factors affect the function of weed seed predation. In this paper, we report on specific researc…

The spatial and temporal distribution of carabid and weed seed predation in winter wheat: a comparison between conventional and conservation agricult…

2013

Carabids can be key players in weed seed predation within arable crops under temperate climate. Field management options, because they affect carabid communities, may represent potential levers to increase weed seed predation levels within fields. Among these options, Conservation Agriculture is often presented as a promising management option for carabids but its effect on weed seed predation levels is less clear. In this study, carabids and weed seed predation were monitored using a grid sampling from April till September 2011 in two adjacent winter-wheat fields in North-eastern France, one conducted as no-till with cover crop for 5 years (conservation agriculture) and the other as conven…

Skrejvaboļu (Coleoptera, Carabidae) sabiedrības sausos kaļķainos zālājos un tās ietekmējošie faktori Abavas senlejā

2016

Kā Eiropā tā Latvijā sausu, kaļķainu zālāju platības ar katru gadu samazinās. Šis biotops ir viens no sugām bagātākajiem, tomēr uzskatāms par Latvijā izzūdošu, jo aizņem vairs tikai 0,05% no valsts teritorijas (Auniņš 2013). Šī darba mērķis ir noskaidrot zālāju apsaimniekošanas un botāniskās kvalitātes ietekmi uz skrejvaboļu (Carabidae) sabiedrībām sausos, kaļķainos zālājos. Pētījums veikts sausos, kaļķainos zālājos, dabas parka “Abavas senleja” posmā starp Kandavas un Sabiles pilsētām. Septiņpadsmit parauglaukumos, kas iedalīti atšķirīgās botāniskās kvalitātes un apsaimniekošanas veida grupās, ar Bārbera tipa augsnes lamatām, ievākti kvantitatīvi dati par skrejvaboļu sastopamību. Noteikts …

Molecular and biometric data on Carabus (Macrothorax) morbillosus Fabricius, 1792 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Mid Mediterranean areas

2022

The present study was carried out using molecular and biometric data of Carabus (Macrothorax) morbillosus from mid-Mediterranean areas to determine additional information on basal relationships among its representative subspecies. To this aim, two different kinds of approach were employed, including a morphometric analysis of four morphological parameters (i.e., elytra length, elytra width, pronotum length, pronotum width) of 128 specimens, and a Bayesian genetic analysis of 44 cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) partial sequences (i.e., 38 examined for the first time and six retrieved from GenBank database). Representative populations of C. (M.) morbillosus were sampled in four countries, n…