Search results for "caspase"
showing 10 items of 390 documents
Regulation of X Chromosome-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (XIAP) in Kainic Acid Induced Neuronal Cell Death in the Rat Hippocampus
2001
INTRODUCTION. Inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family consists of several antiapoptotic proteins conserved among species. The IAPs have a well-conserved motif of approximately 65 residues, called the baculovirus inhibitory repeat (BIR) (1). Baculovirus and drosophila IAPs have two, but most IAPs contain three BIR domains. Most of the IAPs also have a C-terminal RING domain which consists of conserved amino acids with zinc binding capacity. XIAP is one of the five known human IAPs and it binds directly and inhibits the activity of caspases (2). The BIR2 domain in XIAP is sufficient to mediate this inhibition (3). However little is known about the presence and function of XIAP in the nerv…
cFLIPL Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand-mediated NF-κB Activation at the Death-inducing Signaling Complex in Human Ke…
2004
Human keratinocytes undergo apoptosis following treatment with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) via surface-expressed TRAIL receptors 1 and 2. In addition, TRAIL triggers nonapoptotic signaling pathways including activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, in particular when TRAIL-induced apoptosis is blocked. The intracellular protein cFLIP(L) interferes with TRAIL-induced apoptosis at the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) in many cell types. To study the role of cFLIP(L) in TRAIL signaling, we established stable HaCaT keratinocyte cell lines expressing varying levels of cFLIP(L). Functional analysis revealed that relative cFLIP(L) levels correlat…
Does the orthodontic treatment induces dental pulp cellular death? Caspase-3 and-9, HSP60 and TUNEL expression
2011
Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis of human dental pulp cell death during orthodontic treatement (O.T) and the degree of apoptosis through the expression level of the proteins Caspase-3,-9, TUNEL and HSP60. Materials and methods: Human dental Pulp were coming from both male and female patients (N=20; age 10-14years). The technique used was the Straight Wire, which involves Nickel-Titanium or Steel archwires. The increase of pressure applied on teeth was gradual. Some patients were subjected to a premolar extraction after 3 months treatment, and others after 6 months. Samples were Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and afterwards processed for immunohistochemistry using anti-caspase-3,-9 anti…
Liver X Receptor ligand cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells and not in normal colon epithelial cells depends on LXRβ subcellular localization
2015
Increasing evidence indicates that Liver X Receptors (LXRs) have some anticancer properties. We recently demonstrated that LXR ligands induce colon cancer cell pyroptosis through an LXRβ-dependent pathway. In the present study, we showed that human colon cancer cell lines presented differential cytoplasmic localizations of LXRβ. This localization correlated with caspase-1 activation and cell death induction under treatment with LXR ligand. The association of LXRβ with the truncated form of RXRα (t-RXRα) was responsible for the sequestration of LXRβ in the cytoplasm in colon cancer cells. Moreover t-RXRα was not expressed in normal colon epithelial cells. These cells presented a predominantl…
Immunohistochemical expression and distribution of orexin, orphanin and leptin in the major salivary glands of some mammals
2012
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the involvement of apoptotic factors, cytokeratins and metalloproteinase- 9 in the histogenesis of both Epithelialized Gingival Lesions (EGL) and Periapical Lesions (PAL). 55 consecutive patients, 30 with PAL and 25 with EGL, were selected for the study after clinical and radiological examinations. The PAL patients had severe periapical lesions and tooth decay with exposure of the pulp chamber. All PAL and EGL biopsies were surgically extracted, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and processed for routine light microscopy. Ten biopsies of each category were processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Serial paraffin sections were stained by IHC with a…
New insight into the inhibition of the inflammatory response to experimental delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in mice by scropolioside A.
2006
Scropolioside A, an iridoid isolated from Scrophularia auriculata ssp. pseudoauriculata, showed anti-inflammatory properties against different experimental models of delayed-type hypersensitivity. This iridoid reduced the oedema induced by oxazolone by 79% (72 h) at 0.5 mg/ear while reducing that induced by sheep red blood cells by 47% (18 h), 45% (24 h) and 36% (48 h) at 10 mg/kg. In vivo it reduced both oedema formation and cell infiltration whereas in vitro it reduced the proliferation of activated T-lymphocytes (IC50 of 67.74 microM). Treatment with scropolioside A (100 microM) 18 and 24 h after phytohemagglutinin stimulation increased the number of cells arrested in the subG(0) phase w…
Ablation of c-FLIP in hepatocytes enhances death-receptor mediated apoptosis and toxic liver injury in vivo
2010
Background & Aims Apoptosis is crucially involved in acute and chronic liver injury, including viral, cholestatic, toxic, and metabolic liver disease. Additionally, dysregulation of apoptosis signaling pathways has been implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis. The most prominent members of the apoptosis-mediating tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily are the TNF-R1 (CD120a) and the CD95 (Apo-1/Fas) receptor. Although extensively studied, the intracellular signaling events in hepatocytes are only incompletely understood. Methods To examine the role of the caspase-8 homolog cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) in liver injury, we generated mice with hepatocyte specific deletion of c-FLI…
Bcl-2 is a negative regulator of interleukin-1β secretion in murine macrophages in pharmacological-induced apoptosis
2010
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cucurbitacin R, a natural anti-inflammatory product, has been shown to exhibit activity against both adjuvant-induced arthritis and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions induced by various agents. Previous studies have demonstrated that the effects of cucurbitacin R stem from its inhibition of both cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES Effects of cucurbitacin R were investigated on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Cell cycle evolution was analysed by flow cytometry, detection of apoptosis by DNA ladder, Bcl-2, p21, p53, Bax, cleaved caspase-1 (p10), caspase-9, and caspase-3, cleaved caspase (p17) and interleukin-1β d…
Dominant negative MORT1/FADD rescues mice from CD95 and TNF-induced liver failure
2002
Derangement of the apoptotic program is considered an important cause of liver disease. It became clear that receptor-mediated apoptosis is of specific interest in this context, and CD95 and CD120a, both members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, are the most prominent cell death receptors involved. The death signal is induced upon ligand binding by recruitment of caspases via the adapter molecule MORT1/FADD to the receptor and their subsequent activation. To investigate the role of MORT1/FADD in hepatocyte apoptosis, we generated transgenic mice expressing liver-specific dominant negative mutant. Mice looked grossly normal; breeding and liver development were not diff…
Inflammasomes in Liver Fibrosis
2017
AbstractCell death and inflammation are two central elements in the development of liver fibrosis. Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes expressed in both hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells in the liver that are key regulators of inflammation and cell fate. They respond to cellular danger signals by activating caspase 1, releasing the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, as well as initiating a novel pathway of programmed cell death termed “pyroptosis.” These processes can initiate and perpetuate an abnormal wound-healing response with the principle cellular target being the activation of hepatic stellate cells. From the various inflammasomes, the NLRP3 inflammasome…