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showing 10 items of 1185 documents
Decentralization as an incentive scheme when regional differences are large
2010
It has been suggested that large regional differences could be an obstacle to that part of the political accountability of office-holders which is based on yardstick competition among governments. The paper addresses that question and concludes that the obstacle is not too serious in general. The second part of the paper is devoted to the persistent economic underperformance of some regions in countries such as Germany, Italy and (with regard to regions overseas) France. How is it that the mechanism of yardstick competition induces a convergence of economic performance among European Union member countries, even those particularly poor initially, but fails to induce all the underperforming …
Computer-assisted clinical diagnosis in the official European union languages
2016
eHealth services integrate Web Information Retrieval and Intelligent Medical Decision Support for health care professionals based on the range of possible symptoms which a patient reports. However, many symptoms like high temperature, fever, or headache, are ambiguous in terms of suggesting wide variety of possible patient's conditions to the GP, while other symptoms are mutually dependant, which again can be misleading to make an accurate diagnosis. On the other hand, doctor's up-to-date knowledge on the medicaments, drugs, active medical substances included, anticipated range of diseases relating to the symptoms reported, and the most reliable pharmaceutical manufacturers, are of the grea…
Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3–XClx Solar Cells. Experimental Study of Initial Degradation Kinetics and Fill Factor Spectral Dependence
2021
The main drawback of the methylammonium lead halide perovskite solar cells is their degradation in ambient atmosphere. To investigate ambient-air-induced cell degradation, spec-tral dependencies of open-circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF) and the power conversion effi-ciency (PCE) have been acquired (for the first time reported in literature). Our custom-made measurement system allowed us to perform measurements of the above-mentioned entities in situ directly in vacuum during and after thermal deposition of the elec-trode. We also studied how these parameters in vacuum changed after cell exposure to ambient air for 85 min (50 nm top electrode) and for 180 min (100 nm top Ag electrode).…
Etiology, risk factors and management of implant fractures.
2009
Implant fracture is an infrequent and late biomechanical complication with a serious clinical outcome. In effect, such fractures pose important problems for both the patient and the dental surgeon. According to most literature sources, the prevalence of dental implant fractures is very low (approximately 2 fractures per 1000 implants in the mouth). Considering that implant placement is becoming increasingly popular, an increase in the number of failures due to late fractures is to be expected. Clearly, careful treatment can contribute to reduce the incidence of fracture. An early diagnosis of the signs alerting to implant fatigue, such as loosening, torsion or fracture of the post screws an…
La europeización del Derecho administrativo español (The European influence in the evolution of Spanish Administrative Law)
2017
Spanish Abstract: Un analisis del proceso de europeizacion del Derecho administrativo espanol de nuestros dias que se ha producido desde la aprobacion de la Constitucion espanola de 1978 y la entrada de Espana en las Comunidades Europeas en 1986 hasta nuestros dias, identificando las areas mas afectadas y las tendencias basicas de todo el proceso. English Abstract: An analyse of the process of Europeanisation of the modern Spanish Administrative Law produced from the time of the approval of the current Spanish Constitution (1978) and the entry of Spain in the European Union (1986) to our days, identifying the most affected areas and the basic trends of the whole process.
Commodity Tax Competition and Industry Location Under the Destination- and the Origin-Principle
2007
We develop a model of commodity tax competition with monopolistically competitive internationally mobile firms, transport costs, and asymmetric country sizes. We investigate the impacts of non-cooperative tax setting, as well as of tax harmonization and changes in the tax principle, in both the short and the long run. The origin principle, when compared to the destination principle, is shown to exacerbate tax competition and to erode tax revenues, yet leads to a more equal spatial distribution of economic activity. This suggests that federations which care about spatial inequality, like the European Union, face a non-trivial choice for their tax principle that goes beyond the standard consi…
Determination of carbamate residues in fruits and vegetables by matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
2000
Abstract Thirteen carbamates were analysed in orange, grape, onion and tomatoes by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) followed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Electrospray (ES) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) were compared and both gave similar results in terms of sensitivity and structural information because at 20 V fragmentor voltages the fragmentation is minimal. The efficiency of different solid-phases (C18, C8, cyano, amine and phenyl) for the MSPD was compared. Mean recoveries using C8 varied from 64 to 106% with relative standard deviations of 5–15% in the concentration range of 0.01–10 mg kg−1. Matrix constituents did not interfere signific…
Cr(III)/Cr(VI) speciation in aerosol particles by extractive separation and thermal ionization isotope dilution mass spectrometry
1997
An isotope dilution mass spectrometric (IDMS) method, using the formation of positive thermal ions, was developed for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) speciation in aerosol particles. Cr(III) and Cr(VI) spike species, enriched in 53Cr, were applied for the isotope dilution step. After leaching of filter collected aerosol samples by an alkaline solution at pH 13, species separation was carried out by extraction with a liquid anion exchanger in methyl isobutyl ketone. Cr(VI) in the organic phase was re-extracted into an ammoniacal solution and chromium was then isolated from both fractions of species by electrodeposition. Detection limits of 30 pg/m3 for Cr(III) and of 8 pg/m3 for Cr(VI) were achieved in a…
Determination of PAHs in airborne particles by accelerated solvent extraction and large-volume injection-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
2006
Abstract A sensitive and automated method is presented for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborne particulate matter. The procedure includes extraction of PM10-bound PAHs by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) followed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) clean-up, and large-volume programmable temperature vaporizer (PTV–LV) injection coupled to GC–MS. The limit of detection (LOD) of the whole method, based on a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 3:1, ranged from 0.26 pg m−3 to 3 pg m−3 when air volumes of 760 m3 are collected. The hexane–acetone mixture (1:1, v/v) gave the best recoveries when ASE parameters were fixed at 125 °C, 1500 psi, and a total time …
A rapid and sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the quality control of perfumes: simultaneous determination of phthalates
2013
A rapid and sensitive analytical gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for perfume analysis to determine the phthalates banned by the European Union Regulation on cosmetic samples is presented. This method has been tested in commercial alcoholic perfume samples for the determination of the following seven phthalates: dibutyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, bis(2-methoxyethyl) phthalate, n-pentyl-isopentylphthalate, di-n-pentyl phthalate, diisopentylphthalate and benzyl butyl phthalate. Sample evaporation and redissolution in ethanol is carried out before GC-MS analysis, with no dilution of the sample. External calibration and standard addition calibration are compared …