Search results for "cationic polymerization"
showing 10 items of 441 documents
Intermolecular interactions in dictating the self-assembly of halogen derivatives of bis-(N-substituted oxamato)palladate(ii) complexes
2016
Three palladium(II) complexes of formula (n-Bu4N)2[Pd(4-Fpma)2] (1), (n-Bu4N)2[Pd(4-Clpma)2]·4H2O (2) and (n-Bu4N)2[Pd(4-Brpma)2]·4H2O (3) [n-Bu4N+ = tetra-n-butylammonium cation, 4-Fpma = N-4-fluorophenyloxamate, 4-Clpma = N-4-chlorophenyloxamate and 4-Brpma = N-4-bromophenyloxamate] have been prepared and their structures determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Each palladium(II) ion in 1–3 is four-coordinate with two oxygen and two nitrogen atoms from two fully deprotonated oxamate ligands building PdO2N2 square planar surroundings, the oxamate ligands exhibiting trans (1 and 2) and cis (3) dispositions. The fluoro substituent and the organic counterion in 1 are involved in C–H⋯F…
On Demand One-Pot Mild Preparation of Layered Double Hydroxides and Their Hybrid Forms: Advances through the Epoxide Route.
2019
Epoxide ring opening driven alkalinization process was explored with the aim of preparing layered double hydroxide (LDH) phases on demand, at room temperature. Employing iodide as nucleophilic agent, the precipitation reaction can be driven under much lower halide concentrations. This scenario favors the selective intercalation of concomitant bulky oxo anions as nitrate or perchlorate in the LDH products, allowing for the one-pot synthesis of an LDH able to delaminate in formamide. Even large dicarboxylic acids, - O2 C-(CH2 )n -CO2 - , with n up to 8, can be quantitively intercalated within the growing LDH phase, providing a versatile one-pot route for hybrid LDHs as well. Under the mild co…
Mucoadhesive Polymer Hyaluronan as Biodegradable Cationic/Zwitterionic-Drug Delivery Vehicle
2014
Mucoadhesive polymers in pharmaceutical formulations release drugs in mucosal areas. They interact and fix to mucus via molecular interpenetration, etc ., which increase drug bioavailability. Polymers physicochemical properties affect formulation mucoadhesion, rheological behaviour and drug absorption. Hyaluronan (HA) is selected as a mucoadhesive and biodegradable polymer. Geometric, topological and fractal analyses are carried out with program TOPO. Reference calculations are performed with algorithm GEPOL. Procedure TOPO underestimates molecular volume by 0.7%. Error results 5% in surface area and derived topological indices. Solvent-accessible surface is undercalculated by 3%: from hexa…
Polymerizable and polymeric zwitterionic surfactants: 1. Synthesis and bulk properties
1991
Abstract The synthesis of a series of permanently zwitterionic surfactant monomers based on sulphobetaines and the preparation of their polymers is described. Solubilities, thermal properties and bulk structures of the zwitterionic polymers are studied with respect to their molecular architecture, and compared with cationic analogues. The various solubilities of the polymers can be correlated with their molecular geometry, enabling differentiation into distinct classes. This behaviour is paralleled by the observed bulk structures of the polymers where distinct classes of superstructures are present. However, independently of the molecular geometry, no thermal transition could be detected fo…
Reactions of α-diimino ligands with the chloro-bridged dimer [RhCl(COD)]2(COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene)
1988
Abstract The reactions of α-diimino ligands N - N ′ [ N - N ′= 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy), C 5 H 4 N2CHNR (R= C 6 H 4 OMe- p , PyCa), RNCHCHNR (R=C 6 H 4 - OMe- p , DAB)] with [RhCl(COD)] 2 give rise to stoichiometry, solvent, ligand, and temperature dependent equilibria. In general, the 1/1 ligand/dimer reaction yields the ionic product [Rh(COD)( N - N ′)] [RhCl 2 (COD)], at room temperature. For N - N ′=DAB, the ionic form is in equilibrium with the binuclear compound [{RhCl(COD)} (μ-DAB){RhCl(COD)}] (containing a σ σ,'- N , N ′ bridging α-diimine), which becomes the predominant species at low temperatures. In [Rh(COD)( N - N ′)] [RhCl 2 (COD)], a fast exchange of the Rh(COD) unit betwe…
Transport mechanism of peptides through supported liquid membranes
2007
Abstract The transport of selected dipeptides through supported liquid membranes impregnated with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid in n-dihexylether has been investigated. The fluxes depend on the side chain of amino acids, presence in the peptide structure. The highest fluxes were obtained for the peptides extracted with the highest efficiency. It has been found that the hydrophobicity of investigated peptides, was not the major factor, influences their SLM permeation. In the conditions studied, it has been observed that the transport of peptide–carrier complex was depending on the acidic–basic properties of the analyte. The linearly least-square fittings of log {K1 + [H+]D} and log[(HR)2]…
Oxygen atom transfer catalysis by dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes of pyridyl aminophenolate ligands
2021
Abstract A series of new cationic dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes [MoO2(Ln)]PF6 (2–5) with the tripodal tetradentate pyridyl aminophenolate ligands HL2-HL5 have been synthesized and characterized. Ligands HL2-HL4 carry substituents in the 4-position of the phenolate ring, viz. Cl, Br and NO2, respectively, whereas the ligand HL5, N-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)-N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, is a derivative of 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde. X-ray crystal structures of complexes 2, 3 and 5 reveal that they have a distorted octahedral geometry with the bonding parameters around the metal centres being practically similar. Stoichiometric oxygen atom transfer (OAT) properties of 5 with…
Transfer of Some Alkyl Substituted Ferrocenes from Water to Cationic Surfactant Micelles Studied by Kinetic Method
1994
Abstract Binding of ferrocene and its 1,1′-dimethyl and n -butyl derivatives to dodecyl and tetradecyltrimethylammonium nitrate micellar aggregates has been studied at 20.0°C and ionic strength 0.02 tool dm -3 by examining the micellar retarding effects on the rates of iron(III) oxidation of these substrates. Solubilization of the ferrocenes in the cationic micellar phase increases as the substrate hydrophobic character increases and, to a lesser extent, as the surfactant hydrocarbon chain length becomes longer. The critical micelle concentrations of the surfactants used and the incremental free energy of transfer of methylene groups of both the substrate and the surfactant from the aqueous…
Temperature-responsive inclusion complex of cationic PNIPAAM diblock copolymer and γ-cyclodextrin
2012
Aqueous mixtures of γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and the thermosensitive cationic diblock copolymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (PNIPAAM24-b-PAMPTAM(+)9) or the PNIPAAM homopolymer PNIPAAM47 have been investigated using various experimental methods. Solid γ-CD–polymer inclusion complexes (pseudopolyrotaxanes) form at ambient temperatures in fairly concentrated CD solutions. The NMR measurements showed that the stoichiometry of the inclusion complexes is close to two NIPAAM units per CD molecule. The cationic block of the copolymer is not incorporated into the CD cavity. Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction spectra of the solid inclusion compl…
Polymerization of Mono- and Bi-functional Diacetylene Derivatives in Monolayers at the Gas-Water Interface
1979
The spreading and polymerization behaviour of long chain acids and phospholipid analogues containing diacetylene groups is described. Especially the polymerization in monolayers is followed spectroscopically with a new device used in connection with a commercial UV spectrometer. The polymerization is topochemically controlled. Sonification of the phospholipid analogues in water results in the formation of liposomes with multilayered membranes. Polymerization of the liposomes in water forms aqueous solutions of polymer vesicles.