Search results for "causality"

Potential combined effects of maternal smoking and coffee intake on foetal death within the Danish National Birth Cohort

2018

Background: Several studies have linked coffee intake and smoking to foetal death, but a possible interaction between both exposures remains unknown.Methods: We studied, within the Danish National Birth Cohort, the potential interaction between smoking and coffee drinking while pregnant on the risk of foetal (early and late) death. The study included 90 086 pregnant women, with information about their smoking habit and coffee intake in early pregnancy, and several potential confounding factors. Interaction was studied by calculating both the hazard ratio (HR) in Cox's regression (linear and smoothed restricted cubic spline) and the interaction contrast ratio (ICR).Results: Women who neither…

Graves’ disease

2017

Inferring directionality of coupled dynamical systems using Gaussian process priors: Application on neurovascular systems

2022

Dynamical system theory has recently shown promise for uncovering causality and directionality in complex systems, particularly using the method of convergent cross mapping (CCM). In spite of its success in the literature, the presence of process noise raises concern about CCM's ability to uncover coupling direction. Furthermore, CCM's capacity to detect indirect causal links may be challenged in simulated unidrectionally coupled Rossler-Lorenz systems. To overcome these limitations, we propose a method that places a Gaussian process prior on a cross mapping function (named GP-CCM) to impose constraints on local state space neighborhood comparisons. Bayesian posterior likelihood and…

Assessing Transfer Entropy in cardiovascular and respiratory time series: A VARFI approach

2021

In the study of complex biomedical systems represented by multivariate stochastic processes, such as the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, an issue of great relevance is the description of the system dynamics spanning multiple temporal scales. Recently, the quantification of multiscale complexity based on linear parametric models, incorporating autoregressive coefficients and fractional integration, encompassing short term dynamics and long-range correlations, was extended to multivariate time series. Within this Vector AutoRegressive Fractionally Integrated (VARFI) framework formalized for Gaussian processes, in this work we propose to estimate the Transfer Entropy, or equivalently G…

Developing a metatheoretical framework for second language development : a cultural-historical theory and dynamic systems theory perspective

2017

The main aim of this article-based dissertation is to construct and articulate a dialectical metatheoretical architecture for the study of second language development termed Purposive-Historical Systems Theory (PHiST) invoking, inter alia, the axiomatic imperatives of dynamic systems theory (DST), Vygotskian cultural-historical theory (CHT), and Pepperian root metaphor theory (RMT). Specifically, it primarily purports, first, to demonstrate the tenability of a dialectical synthesis of DST and CHT; second, to philosophize on the fundamental contours of PHiST; third, to apply a novel metatheoretical perspective, as a quintessential example, to reconceptualizing the seminal construct of the Zo…

Onko urbanisaatio maaseudun turma? : kaupunkien väestönkasvun vaikutukset erityyppisen maaseudun väestökehitykseen Suomessa ajanjaksolla 1990-2015

2018

Kaupungistuminen on edennyt nopeasti Suomessakin, ja samalla maaseutu on menettänyt väestöään ja aktiviteettejaan. Miten urbanisaation eteneminen on vaikuttanut maaseudun kehitykseen? Artikkelin mukaan urbanisaatio levittää kaupunkien ympäristöön sekä ”varjoa” että ”valoa”, mutta ydinmaaseudun ja harvaan asutun maaseudun negatiiviseen kehitykseen se ei ole vaikuttanut. peerReviewed

Osallistumisen ongelma

2010

Centrum, peryferie i zależność ścieżkowa. Interpretacja teorii Immanuela Wallersteina w kategoriach path dependence

2016

Artykuł przedstawia zastosowanie koncepcji zależności ścieżkowej (path dependence) do analizy wybranych trajektorii rozwojowych krajów (gospodarek), które zostały omówione przez Immanuela Wallersteina w pracach na temat nowoczesnego systemu-świata. W tekście zaprezentowano podstawowe założenia zależności ścieżkowej jako zjawiska oraz jako koncepcji pozwalającej na interpretację związków przyczynowo-skutkowych w rozwoju technologii oraz w bardziej złożonych opisach rozwoju społeczno-historycznego. Następnie szczegółowej analizie poddano trzy wybrane przypadki trajektorii gospodarek w okresie powstawania nowoczesnego systemu-świata: Polski, Wenecji i Anglii.