Search results for "causation"
showing 10 items of 67 documents
Il principio di equivalenza delle condizioni
2018
Il principio di equivalenza delle condizioni sancito dall'art. 41 c.p. completa la ricezione da parte dell'ordinamento italiano del modello causale della condicio sine qua non. Tale principio conosce però il temperamento offerto dalla causa prevalente di cui all'art. 41, comma 2, c.p. grazie al quale le valutazioni squisitamente giuridiche riescono a prevale sulle risultanze dello stretto giudizio causale. Il saggio indaga il contenuto e i criteri di tale correzione del giudizio causale. The principle of equivalence of conditions enshrined in art. 41 c.p. completes the reception by the Italian Legal System of the causal model of the condicio sine qua non. However, this principle knows the t…
Exploring the concept of causal power in a critical realist tradition
2007
This article analyses and evaluates the uses of the concept of causal power in the critical realist tradition, which is based on Roy Bhaskar's philosophy of science. The concept of causal power that appears in the early works of Rom Harre and his associates is compared to Bhaskar's account of this concept and its uses in the critical realist social ontology. It is argued that the concept of emergence should be incorporated to any adequate notion of causal power. The concept of emergence used in Bhaskar and other critical realists' works is shown to be ambiguous. It is also pointed out that the concept of causal power should be analysed in an anti-essentialist way. Ontological and methodolog…
Prediction and Control: The Specific Role of Business Angels in the Investment Process
2019
International audience; Entrepreneurs and related investors (business angels and venture capitalists) rely on different types of rationalities. Extant research suggests that conflicts resulting from misunderstanding can emerge between entrepreneurs and investors when they adopt different rationalities but must switch those rationalities because of the maturity of their ventures and the degree of uncertainty they face. Relying on three in-depth case studies, this research contributes to both entrepreneurship and effectuation literature by emphasizing the specific role of business angels in helping entrepreneurs switch rationalities when necessary to attract funding resources from venture cap…
Inferences are just folk psychology
2004
To speak of “inferences,” “interpretations,” and so forth is just folk psychology. It creates new homunculi, and it is also implausible from a purely phenomenological perspective. Phenomenal volition must be described in the conceptual framework of an empirically plausible theory of mental representation. It is a non sequitur to conclude from dissociability that the functional properties determining phenomenal volition never make a causal contribution. I have offered an alternative interpretation of some of Dan Wegner’s most relevant data elsewhere (Metzinger 2003, p. 506ff), and will confine myself to three conceptual points here. Wegner’s project could be further strengthened by eliminati…
The Counterfactual Reasoning and the Manipulative Account of Causality: the Origin of Causal Thinking from Free Will
2018
On the semantic interpretation of complex causatives in Finnish: An experimental morphology approach
2009
It is well documented that in some languages, such as in Finnish, it is possible to stack derivational morphemes iteratively to word stems. However, such complex words are seldom used in real communication, and it is unclear whether they are interpreted compositionally in tandem with their morphological structure. Here I studied the matter by eliciting semantic interpretations from ten native speakers of Finnish for words whose complexity and morphemic content were systematically varied. The results show that although the frequency of semantic interpretation decreases linearly as a function of the number of morphemes in a word (contrary to the case of ungrammatical words where the semantic …
Goethe's dream
2009
The German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) defined living organisms as objects with an intrinsic purpose, which are self‐organized in such a way that every part is a function of the whole and the whole is a function of every part, and in which “nothing is for nothing”. Kant already anticipated the tension between agency and structure, and between forward and backward causation. He also perceived living beings as entities that, being extremely complex, are not amenable to descriptions based on laws that are similar to the fundamental laws of physics: “There will never be a Newton of a grass blade,” he wrote. Less metaphorically, Kant believed that science would not be able to understan…
Immigrant entrepreneur firm start-up behavior and reasoning : a reflective study of causation, effectuation and bricolage
2013
Entrepreneurship research studies how and why firms come into being, survive and grow (Davidsson, 2004; Gartner, 1985; Schumpeter, 1934). Early literature has proposed a linear model of entrepreneurship which is intentional (Bird, 1988), opportunity discovery (Kirzner, 1997; Shane and Venkataraman, 2000) and goal & strategy oriented (Wiklund & Shepherd, 2005). Being a mainstream in the earlier research, it is labelled as causation model by Sarasvathy (2001). Several scholars such as Baker & Nelson (2005) and Sarasvathy (2001a, b; 2008) questioned the validity of the model and proposed two additional models to the classic model: Effectuation (Sarasvathy, 1998) and Entrepreneurial Bricolage (…
Mental Contents in a World of Causes
1995
A fundamental issue in cognitive science is whether mental contents are causally efficacious and, therefore, should be preserved in scientific psychology. In this paper, we pursue some aspects of this issue by examining Fred Dretske's recent contributions to it. He defends the causal efficacy of mental content *qua* mental content, but imposes an important constraint: mental contents can operate as structuring, but not as triggering causes. We shall argue, by contrast, that mental contents can also intervene as triggering causes.