Search results for "ceftazidime"

Ceftazidime-avibactam use for klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing k. pneumoniae infections: A retrospective observational multicenter study

2021

Abstract Background A growing body of observational evidence supports the value of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) in managing infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Methods We retrospectively analyzed observational data on use and outcomes of CAZ-AVI therapy for infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase–producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) strains. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify variables independently associated with 30-day mortality. Results were adjusted for propensity score for receipt of CAZ-AVI combination regimens versus CAZ-AVI monotherapy. Results The cohort comprised 577 adults with bloodstream infections (n = 391) or nonba…

Fatal anaphylaxis in a 15-year-old boy with Down syndrome.

2011

Multidrug and broad-spectrum cephalosporin resistance among Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis clinical isolates in southern Italy.

2002

ABSTRACT From 1992 to 1997, only six sporadic isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis from patients with cases of gastroenteritis in southern Italy exhibited resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Five isolates produced SHV-12, and one isolate encoded a class C β-lactamase. The bla SHV-12 gene was located in at least two different self-transferable plasmids, one of which also carried a novel class 1 integron.

In vivo efficacy of humanised intermittent versus continuous ceftazidime in combination with tobramycin in an experimental model of pseudomonal pneum…

2008

In this study, we compared the efficacy of ceftazidime (CAZ) intermittent versus continuous infusion with or without tobramycin (TOB) for the treatment of pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rabbits. Treatments were humanised and mimicked intermittent CAZ (iCAZ) (2g three times daily), continuous CAZ (cCAZ) (4g once daily (qd)) and TOB (10mg/kg qd). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 1mg/L and 4mg/L for TOB and CAZ, respectively. Bacterial efficacy in lungs was as follows: control, 9+/-0.6 colony-forming units (CFU)/g; TOB monotherapy, 8+/-0.5CFU/g; iCAZ monotherapy, 7.8+/-1.4CFU/g; cCAZ monotherapy, 8+/-0.4CFU/g (P = 0.005); and iCAZ+TOB, 8+/-0.5CFU/g; cCAZ+TOB, 7.2+/-…

DALI: Defining Antibiotic Levels in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Are Current -Lactam Antibiotic Doses Sufficient for Critically Ill Patients?

2014

Background. Morbidity and mortality for critically ill patients with infections remains a global healthcare problem. We aimed to determine whether α-lactam antibiotic dosing in critically ill patients achieves concentrations associated with maximal activity and whether antibiotic concentrations affect patient outcome.Methods. This was a prospective, multinational pharmacokinetic point-prevalence study including 8 α-lactam antibiotics. Two blood samples were taken from each patient during a single dosing interval. The primary pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets were free antibiotic concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the pathogen at both 50% (50% f TMIC) an…

Comparative clinical trial of ceftazidime and imipenem/cilastatin in patients with severe nosocomial pneumonias and septicaemias.

1990

The efficacy and safety of ceftazidime and imipenem in patients with severe infections was compared in a randomized multi-centre trial. Patients on assisted respiration with clinical signs of pneumonia or septicaemia who had been in hospital for at least 3 days were studied. Twenty-one patients were treated with ceftazidime, 24 with imipenem. The mean duration of treatment was 9 days in both groups. At the end of the trial 17 patients (81%) of the ceftazidime group and 16 patients (67%) in the imipenem group were clinically cured or showed marked improvement. The bacteriological results showed an eradication of the causative pathogens in 17 of 21 cases in the ceftazidime group and 13 of 19 …

Mechanisms of Resistance to Ceftolozane/Tazobactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Results of the GERPA Multicenter Study

2020

ABSTRACT Resistance mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) were assessed on a collection of 420 nonredundant strains nonsusceptible to ceftazidime (MIC > 8 μg/ml) and/or imipenem (>4 μg/ml), collected by 36 French hospital laboratories over a one-month period (the GERPA study). Rates of C/T resistance (MIC > 4/4 μg/ml) were equal to 10% in this population (42/420 strains), and 23.2% (26/112) among the isolates resistant to both ceftazidime and imipenem. A first group of 21 strains (50%) was found to harbor various extended-spectrum β-lactamases (1 OXA-14; 2 OXA-19; 1 OXA-35; 1 GES-9; and 3 PER-1), carbapenemases (2 GES-5; 1 IMP-8; and 8 VIM-2), or both (1 VIM-2…

Mutational Events in Cefotaximase Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases of the CTX-M-1 Cluster Involved in Ceftazidime Resistance

2008

ABSTRACT CTX-M β-lactamases, which show a high cefotaxime hydrolytic activity, constitute the most prevalent extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) type found among clinical isolates. The recent explosive diversification of CTX-M enzymes seems to have taken place due to the appearance of more efficient enzymes which are capable of hydrolyzing both cefotaxime and ceftazidime, especially among the CTX-M-1 cluster. A combined strategy of in vitro stepwise evolution experiments using bla CTX-M-1 , bla CTX-M-3 , and bla CTX-M-10 genes and site-directed mutagenesis has been used to evaluate the role of ceftazidime and other β-lactam antibiotics in triggering the diversity found among enzymes belong…

Analysis of ceftriaxone and ceftazidime distribution in cerebrospinal fluid of and cerebral extracellular space in awake rats by in vivo microdialysis

1995

In vivo microdialysis was used to estimate the extracellular concentrations of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone, two expanded-spectrum cephalosporins commonly used in the treatment of bacterial meningitis, in two brain regions (the right corpus striatum and the left lateral ventricle) of awake, freely moving rats. Antibiotics were administered by constant intravenous infusion at 18 mg/h until steady-state levels were reached. Ceftriaxone levels measured at the steady state in the extracellular space of the corpus striatum (0.80 ± 0.17 J.tg/ml) were statistically equivalent to those obtained in the cerebrospinal fluid of the lateral ventricle (0.71 ± 0.15 J.tg/ml). The ratios of these levels in t…

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Molecular Epidemiology of Metallo-β-Lactamase Producing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated From Burn Pati…

2014

BACKGROUND: Failure in the treatment of burn patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa could happen as a result of the acquisition of antibiotic resistance, including carbapenems. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, isolated from burn patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 12 month period, in this cross-sectional study, two hundred seventy strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the burn patients in Ghotbeddin Burn Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Screening for the carbapenem resistance in the isolates was carried out by the E test method. Sensitivity patterns of metallo-β-l…