Search results for "centralization"
showing 10 items of 96 documents
Recension de Daniel Treisman, The Architecture of Government: Rethinking Political Decentralization
2010
Public Choice, vol. 142(1-2);
De l'école unifiée aux écoles plurielles. Évaluation internationale des politiques de différenciation et de diversification de l'offre éducative
2004
The last two decades have been marked in many developed and emerging countries by major educational reforms, around special themes: decentralization, the differentiation of courses and school content and the free choice of school. These three education policies, which aim to differentiate and diversify the educational offer, call into question the traditional organization of modern educational systems. This study seeks to evaluate the effects of these reforms on the performance of education systems, thanks to an econometric analysis based, on the one hand, on the results of the PISA 2000 international evaluation and, on the other, on a a fine description of the institutional characteristics…
Administrative Capacity as a Constraint to Fiscal Decentralization. The Case of Romania and Poland
2020
This paper considers the problem of administrative capacity as one of the main requirements that the accession countries seeking EU membership had to meet, and as a prerequisite to the decentralization of their public sectors and public finances. The selected decentralization problems are analyzed using the cases of two countries: Romania and Poland. The results of a theoretical and practical evaluation of administrative capacity as a likely obstacle to fiscal decentralization are presented taking account of the different levels of decentralization in Poland and Romania. A comparative analysis of Romania and Poland shows that administrative capacity can be a constraint for fiscal decentrali…
L'attività normativa del governo nel periodo 2017-2019
2022
L’articolo descrive l’attività normativa del governo nel periodo 2017-2019. Per quanto riguarda le procedure di programmazione e revisione della spesa pubblica, le riforme del 2016 finalizzate alla riduzione della spesa dei Ministeri hanno trovato applicazione solo nel 2017, mentre nel 2018 e nel 2019 ulteriori risparmi sono stati conseguiti mediante apposite previsioni delle leggi di bilancio. Le principali innovazioni in materia di liberalizzazione sono state portate a termine nel 2017, mentre non vi sono stati interventi rilevanti nel biennio successivo. Per quanto concerne il decentramento di funzioni amministrative, non si sono riscontrati progressi. Le politiche di privatizzazione son…
Spazi e forme della cooperazione multilivello nell’emergenza pandemica in Belgio e in Spagna
2022
Un tratto comune alle crisi che hanno interessato gli ordinamenti giuridici del XXI secolo, pur trattandosi di fenomeni qualitativamente diversi, è stata la rimodulazione di alcune categorie e di alcuni modelli tradizionali, strettamente connessi alla dimensione delle fonti del diritto. L’emergenza pandemica ha tuttavia prodotto un impatto multidirezionale, coinvolgendo non solo il piano istituzionale, ma anche le fondamenta della forma di Stato degli ordinamenti contemporanei. Rispetto a tale ultimo profilo, valutato nella sua dimensione verticale, in dottrina è stato evidenziato come gli Stati composti siano stati sottoposti a un vero e proprio stress test che ha costituito un momento di …
Government policies and services: an approach to the international context
2009
This special issue analyses the relationship between services and industrial policy. Such a relationship covers a wide variety of aspects, going from measures designed to ensure the competential framework within which business activities are carried out, up to actions aimed at enabling structural change in service industries, with the incorporation of innovation as the essential factor for competitiveness. Two trends can currently be discerned. On the one hand, there is a growing tendency towards the decentralisation and specificity of public policy related to service industries. On the other, indirect actions aimed at strengthening the institutional context (technological infrastructures, …
Decentralization as an incentive scheme
1987
Recent changes have introduced more decentralization in a number of traditionally centralized countries.1 In the case of France, it is sometimes claimed that the 1982-1983 reform of subcentral government is of historical importance. Although the principles of that reform are not contested any more by the new majority elected in 1986, opinions still differ on a number of policy issues. Some of the issues are presented in this introductory section. But the main purpose of this paper is not to expose or discuss in detail the problems of decentralization in France. As argued in the second part of the introductory section, the theoretical framework in which the policy issues of decentralization …
The problem of welfare: Is there a welfare civilization?
1990
Abstract Welfare policy is at present increasingly tied both to market forces and to primary social networks. This process splits society into two camps. One‐fifth of the population is segregated from the rest in its dependence on the welfare system, which is in turn dependent on a diminishing portion of the economy and required to rationalize itself in terms of market forces. Meanwhile, the welfare system is making an effort to minimize its social cost by decentralization and by utilizing community ties and lifestyles rather than relying on the professional welfare bureaucracy. This process tends to combine modern forms of production with the meanings and values of traditional society. It …
Stochastic Frontiers Approach: an Empirical Analysis of Italian Environmental Spending
2012
Using the stochastic frontiers approach (SFA) on a panel of Italian regional data, this paper tries to analyse the optimal design of environmental spending. The main question is, so forth, studying centralization vs decentralization of a public economic function, such as the protection of the environment, in order to improve the welfare of a country. Empirical results on Italy are ambiguous: the changing from a centralized to a decentralized government, giving more autonomy to local units, does not highlight a clear improvement in regional economic performance.
La gestión en educación física. Dos modelos de gestión, el mismo individuo
2020
In the development of this writing, we intend to critically analyze the idea of management in Physical Education and problematize it with the issues of inclusion and inequality. To do this, first there is a brief etymological review of the concept of management, and then we analyze how Physical Education links management to economic and business Sciences. The analysis material used are books, manuals and articles on Physical Education management. From the analysis of this material, the second point of the work arises to explain two management models in Physical Education that we call: individual management and self-management. These models are presented as different and opposite, but in the…