Search results for "certainty"

Monte Carlo study of microdosimetric diamond detectors

2015

Ion-beam therapy provides a high dose conformity and increased radiobiological effectiveness with respect to conventional radiation-therapy. Strict constraints on the maximum uncertainty on the biological weighted dose and consequently on the biological weighting factor require the determination of the radiation quality, defined as the types and energy spectra of the radiation at a specific point. However the experimental determination of radiation quality, in particular for an internal target, is not simple and the features of ion interactions and treatment delivery require dedicated and optimized detectors. Recently chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond detectors have been suggested as …

Energy loss measurement of protons in liquid water

2011

The proton stopping power of liquid water was, for the first time, measured in the energy range 4.7-15.2 MeV. The proton energies were determined by the time-of-flight transmission technique with the microchannel plate detectors, which were especially developed for timing applications. The results are compared to the literature values (from ICRU Report 49 (1993) and Janni's tabulation (1982 At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 27 147-339)) which are based on Bethe's formula and an agreement is found within the experimental uncertainty of 4.6%. Thus, earlier reported discrepancy between the experimental and literature stopping power values at lower energies was not observed at the energies considered …

Reduction of the uncertainty in the measurements of magnetic fields

2014

The paper deals with magnetic field measurement, carried out by using a broadband and isotropic instrument. These measurements are characterized by a very high uncertainty values if compared with the ones usually related to other electrical measurements. For these reasons, if the measurements are performed to assess the exposure of human beings, these large uncertainty values imply a high risk of wrong decision when there is the need to establish if a site complies or does not comply with a specified emission limits. A reduction of the uncertainty values implies a reduction of the risk. With this aim, we propose an approach which, in particular but very typical cases, allows an effective re…

Squeezing induced by spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking

2009

In this communication we study in depth the phenomenon of quadrature squeezing generated via spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking discussed for the first time in [1]. The idea can be put in short as follows. Consider a degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) tuned to the first family of transverse modes at the signal frequency, and having perfectly spherical mirrors. When pumped above threshold with a Gaussian beam and within a classical description, it is easy to show that a TEM 10 mode with an arbitrary orientation (measured by θ at Fig. 1) emerges at the subharmonic, hence breaking the rotational symmetry of the system in the transverse plane. Quantum effects are then quite i…

Response to “Comment on ‘Comparison and uncertainty evaluation of different calibration protocols and ionization chambers for low-energy surface brac…

2016

Hyper-Entanglement in Time and Frequency

2019

Hyper-entanglement, i.e. entanglement in more than one degree of freedom, enables a multiplicative increase in Hilbert space size. Such systems can be treated as multi-partite even though the number of state particles is not increased, making them highly attractive for applications in high-capacity quantum communications and information processing [1]. Until now, such states have been realized only using combinations of fully independent degrees of freedom, described by commuting operators, such as polarization and optical paths. Time and frequency, in turn, are linked and described by non-commuting operators. Here, using two discrete forms of energy-time entanglement we demonstrate that ti…

Leveraging Uncertainty Estimates to Improve Segmentation Performance in Cardiac MR

2021

In medical image segmentation, several studies have used Bayesian neural networks to segment and quantify the uncertainty of the images. These studies show that there might be an increased epistemic uncertainty in areas where there are semantically and visually challenging pixels. The uncertain areas of the image can be of a great interest as they can possibly indicate the regions of incorrect segmentation. To leverage the uncertainty information, we propose a segmentation model that incorporates the uncertainty into its learning process. Firstly, we generate the uncertainty estimate (sample variance) using Monte-Carlo dropout during training. Then we incorporate it into the loss function t…

1997

We have determined by forced Rayleigh scattering the diffusion coefficients of photo-labeled polystyrene micronetwork spheres (radii ≤ 10 nm) in melts of linear polyvinylmethylether (M W ≤ 40000 g/mol) at temperatures of 20-80°C. An expected slippage of the spheres through the meshes of the entanglement network appears possible but is still within the experimental uncertainty of our results.

Statistical Analysis of a Method to Predict Drug–Polymer Miscibility

2015

In this study, a method proposed to predict drug-polymer miscibility from differential scanning calorimetry measurements was subjected to statistical analysis. The method is relatively fast and inexpensive and has gained popularity as a result of the increasing interest in the formulation of drugs as amorphous solid dispersions. However, it does not include a standard statistical assessment of the experimental uncertainty by means of a confidence interval. In addition, it applies a routine mathematical operation known as "transformation to linearity," which previously has been shown to be subject to a substantial bias. The statistical analysis performed in this present study revealed that t…

Self, Agent, Soul: Abū al-Barakāt al-Baghdādī’s Critical Reception of Avicennian Psychology

2016

This paper investigates Abū al-Barakāt al-Baghdādī’s critical reception and development of an Avicennian argument that hinges on the intuitive evidence provided by our awareness of ourselves. According to the argument, each of us is indubitably aware of enduring as a single subject and agent behind the constantly varying stream of experience and action. On the basis of this intuitive certainty Avicenna concludes that the human soul is similarly one. By introducing problematic acts related to the Peripatetic concept of soul, such as digestion and growth, Abū al-Barakāt suggests that if we want to save the argumentative power of the relevant phenomena, we must revise the Avicennian concept of…