Search results for "chaperone"

Depleted uranium induces human carcinogenesis involving the immune and chaperoning systems: Realities and working hypotheses

2019

Abstract Cancer is caused by a combination of factors, genetic, epigenetics and environmental. Among the latter, environmental pollutants absorbed by contact, inhalation, or ingestion are major proven or suspected culprits. Depleted uranium (DU) is one of them directly pertinent to the military and civilians working in militarized areas. It is considered a weak carcinogen but its implication in cancer development in exposed individuals is supported by various data. Since not all subjects exposed to DU develop cancer, it is likely that DU-dependent carcinogenesis requires cofactors, such as genetic predisposition and deficiencies of the chaperoning and immune systems. It is of the essence to…

Circulating Molecular Chaperones in Subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: Data from the Zabùt Aging Project

2022

Molecular chaperones play essential roles in many processes such as cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and organ remodeling. Recent data indicate that chaperones can act as cytoprotectants for brain cells during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, very few data on the levels of chaperones in dementia, including its prodromal phases, have been reported. In this study, we used biological samples and epidemiological data collected during the Zabùt Aging Project (a prospective, community-based, cohort study of normal/pathological aging conducted in Sicily, Italy, with a follow-up of ten years) to determine if there is an association…

Oxidative signature of cerebrospinal fluid from mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease patients

2015

Abstract Background Several studies suggest that pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain begin around 10–20 years before the onset of cognitive impairment. Biomarkers that can support early diagnosis and predict development of dementia would, therefore, be crucial for patient care and evaluation of drug efficacy. Although cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ42, tau, and p-tau are well-established diagnostic biomarkers of AD, there is an urgent need to identify additional molecular alterations of neuronal function that can be evaluated at the systemic level. Objectives This study was focused on the analysis of oxidative stress-related modifications of the CSF proteome, from …

2017

Human neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by accumulation of heavily oxidized and aggregated proteins. However, the exact molecular reason is not fully elucidated yet. Insufficient cellular protein quality control is thought to play an important role in accumulating covalently oxidized misfolded proteins. Pharmacologically active polyphenols and their derivatives exhibit potential for preventive and therapeutic purposes against protein aggregation during neurodegeneration. Although these compounds act on various biochemical pathways, their role in stabilizing the protein degradation machinery at different stages may be an attractive therapeutical strategy to halt the accumulation of …

Quantitative immunomorphological analysis of heat shock proteins in thyroid follicular adenoma and carcinoma tissues reveals their potential for diff…

2019

Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 are chaperones that play a crucial role in cellular homeostasis and differentiation, but they may be implicated in carcinogenesis. Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid include follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. The former is a very frequent benign encapsulated nodule, whereas the other is a nodule that infiltrates the capsule, blood vessels and the adjacent parenchyma, with a tendency to metastasize. The main objective was to assess the potential of the Hsps in differential diagnosis and carcinogenesis. We quantified by immunohistochemistry Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 on thin sections of human thyroid tissue with follicular adenoma or follicular ca…

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) 1

2021

Contains fulltext : 232759.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to…

Chaperoning the Mononegavirales: Current Knowledge and Future Directions

2018

This article belongs to the Special Issue Breakthroughs in Viral Replication.

Breaking BAG: The Co-Chaperone BAG3 in Health and Disease.

2016

Human BAG ( B cl-2-associated a thano g ene) proteins form a family of antiapoptotic proteins that currently consists of six members (BAG1–6) all sharing the BAG protein domain from which the name arises. Via this domain, BAG proteins bind to the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), thereby acting as a co-chaperone regulating the activity of Hsp70. In addition to their antiapoptotic activity, all human BAG proteins have distinct functions in health and disease, and BAG3 in particular is the focus of many investigations. BAG3 has a modular protein domain composition offering the possibility for manifold interactions with other proteins. Various BAG3 functions are implicated in disorders including …

Molecular chaperones in the brain endothelial barrier: neurotoxicity or neuroprotection?

2019

Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) interact with astrocytes and pericytes to form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Their compromised function alters the BBB integrity, which is associated with early events in the pathogenesis of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and epilepsy. Interestingly, these conditions also induce the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Here we review the contribution of major HSP families to BMEC and BBB function. Although investigators mainly report protective effects of HSPs in brain, contrasted results were obtained in BMEC, which depend both on the HSP and on its location, intra- or extracellular. The therapeutic potential of HSPs must be scrupulo…

The ribosome assembly gene network is controlled by the feedback regulation of transcription elongation

2017

Ribosome assembly requires the concerted expression of hundreds of genes, which are transcribed by all three nuclear RNA polymerases. Transcription elongation involves dynamic interactions between RNA polymerases and chromatin. We performed a synthetic lethal screening in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a conditional allele of SPT6, which encodes one of the factors that facilitates this process. Some of these synthetic mutants corresponded to factors that facilitate pre-rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis. We found that the in vivo depletion of one of these factors, Arb1, activated transcription elongation in the set of genes involved directly in ribosome assembly. Under these depletion c…