Search results for "chemical and pharmacologic phenomena"
showing 10 items of 616 documents
Internet Gaming Disorder profiles and their associations with social engagement behaviours.
2021
Abstract Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), describes the abuse of Internet games with detrimental impact to the real-life social engagement of some gamers. Indeed, evidence suggests that gamers differ on the severity and way in which they express IGD symptoms, as well as their social engagement behaviours. The present study aimed to: a) profile gamers regarding their experience of IGD symptoms and; b) examine how different IGD profiles varied on social engagement behaviours. Methods: A sample consisting of 1032 gamers (18–72 years, Mage = 24) was assessed with the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale 9 Items Short Form (IGDS9-SF) and social engagement questions regarding their participation in empl…
Stability of tacrolimus ophthalmic solution
2017
Purpose The stability of 0.3-mg/mL tacrolimus ophthalmic solution at different storage temperatures was studied. Methods A sterile ophthalmic solution of 0.3 mg/mL tacrolimus was prepared in triplicate under aseptic conditions by diluting tacrolimus in eye drops. Three aliquots of this solution were transferred into polypropylene bottles and stored at 25, 2–8, or −15 to −25 °C. Samples were collected immediately after preparation and at selected time points and assayed in triplicate using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Samples were also visually examined for macroscopic changes. The 0.3-mg/mL tacrolimus solution was also exposed to acidic treatment and heat to force its degr…
Inhibition of Granulocyte Function by Prednisolone and Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Quantitative Evaluation with NBT Test and its Correlation…
1980
The effect of prednisolone and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs on PMNL (polymorphonuclear leucocytes) oxidative metabolism was quantified with a newly standardized NBT test, and it was investigated whether these effects correlate with phagocytosing capacity of PMNL. Prednisolone inhibits NBT reduction in dose dependency already at concentrations, which do not interfere with phagocytosis. Thus prednisolone dissociates phagocytosis and phagocytosis-associated oxidative metabolism. High doses of prednisolone also inhibit phagocytosis. These effects of prednisolone are still demonstrable when PMNL are washed after pre-incubation with the drug. The non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (indome…
Microglial activation milieu controls regulatory T cell responses.
2013
Abstract Although mechanisms leading to brain-specific inflammation and T cell activation have been widely investigated, regulatory mechanisms of local innate immune cells in the brain are only poorly understood. In this study, to our knowledge we show for the first time that MHC class II+CD40dimCD86dimIL-10+ microglia are potent inducers of Ag-specific CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro. Microglia differentially regulated MHC class II expression, costimulatory molecules, and IL-10 depending on the amount of IFN-γ challenge and Ag dose, promoting either effector T cell or Treg induction. Microglia-induced Tregs were functionally active in vitro by inhibiting Ag-specific prolifer…
Dendritic Cells Ameliorate Autoimmunity in the CNS by Controlling the Homeostasis of PD-1 Receptor+ Regulatory T Cells
2012
SummaryMature dendritic cells (DCs) are established as unrivaled antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the initiation of immune responses, whereas steady-state DCs induce peripheral T cell tolerance. Using various genetic approaches, we depleted CD11c+ DCs in mice and induced autoimmune CNS inflammation. Unexpectedly, mice lacking DCs developed aggravated disease compared to control mice. Furthermore, when we engineered DCs to present a CNS-associated autoantigen in an induced manner, we found robust tolerance that prevented disease, which coincided with an upregulation of the PD-1 receptor on antigen-specific T cells. Additionally, we showed that PD-1 was necessary for DC-mediated induction o…
Inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction by T cell vaccination
1990
Immunization with attenuated activated autoreactive T cell lines and clones induces a response in syngeneic animals which can induce protection or recovery from autoimmune disease. This process has been termed T cell vaccination. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of immunization with MHC-reactive T cells on the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). By injecting attenuated activated T cells primed for an alloantigen, we markedly reduced the MLR in both rats and mice. This depression appeared to be mediated by active suppression; lymphoid cells from T cell-vaccinated animals suppressed the MLR responsiveness of T cells from naive animals. Suppression of the MLR was not res…
IL-6 controls Th17 immunity in vivo by inhibiting the conversion of conventional T cells into Foxp3+regulatory T cells
2008
The conditions leading to the induction of adaptive Foxp3+regulatory T cells (T-regs) from peripheral T cells in vivo are incompletely understood. Here, we show that unresponsiveness of T cells to IL-6 by T cell-selective deletion of gp130 or immunization of wild-type mice with antigen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), which fails to induce IL-6, promotes the conversion of peripheral CD4+T cells into adaptive Foxp3+T-regs. Thus, both T cell-conditional gp130 knockout (KO) mice immunized with MOG35-55 in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and wild-type mice immunized with MOG35-55 in IFA develop overwhelming antigen-specific T-reg responses and are protected from experimental autoimmune e…
On the activity of trifluoperazine and palmitoylcarnitine in mice: Delayed hypersensitivity models
2001
Abstract The effect of pre- and post-challenge treatments with trifluoperazine and palmitoylcarnitine, two protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors characterised by their interaction with the phospholipid enzyme cofactor, on the inflammation caused by delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in mice is reported. The activity of dexamethasone and two immunosupressors, azathioprine and methotrexate, is also evaluated. The effectiveness of pre-treatment with each of the test drugs diminished when the DNFB challenge dose increased, whereas trifluoperazine and azathioprine were more active when administered after the challenge at the high DNFB dose.…
Foxp3 Silencing with Antisense Oligonucleotide Improves Immunogenicity of an Adjuvanted Recombinant Vaccine against Sporothrix schenckii
2021
Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:56:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background: In recent years, there has been great interest in developing molecular adjuvants based on antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting immunosuppressor pathways with inhibitory effects on regulatory T cells (Tregs) to improve immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy. We aim to evaluate the immunostimulating effect of 2′OMe phosphorothioated Foxp3-targeted ASO in an antifungal adjuvanted recombinant vaccine. Methods: The uptake kinetics of Foxp3 ASO, its cyto-toxicity and its ability to deplete Tregs were evaluated in…
CD1a and antitumour immune response
2004
Primary immune response is based on the capacity of local professional antigen-presenting cells (whose prototype is represented by dendritic cells, DCs) to take up and present antigens to selected clones of T cells, but also to non-specific effector cells such as macrophages or natural killer cells. The four CD1 proteins, all of which share a limited homology to class I MHC proteins, are differently expressed in various cell types, of both mesenchymal and, as recently described, epithelial lineage. Regarding the role of CD1 molecules in the anti-tumour response, it has been reported that CD1+ dendritic cells are involved in the first steps of the primary immune response in a number of malig…