Search results for "chemokine"

Validation of the Tetracycline Regulatable Gene Expression System for the Study of the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease

2011

Understanding the pathogenesis of infectious disease requires the examination and successful integration of parameters related to both microbial virulence and host responses. As a practical and powerful method to control microbial gene expression, including in vivo, the tetracycline-regulatable system has recently gained the favor of many investigative groups. However, some immunomodulatory effects of the tetracyclines, including doxycycline, could potentially limit its use to evaluate host responses during infection. Here we have used a well-established murine model of disseminated candidiasis, which is highly dependent on both the virulence displayed by the fungal cells and on the host im…

Atherosclerosis as an inflammatory disease.

2011

In many ways, atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder and this issue is confirmed by recent investigations of that have focused on inflammation, providing new insight into mechanisms of disease. Several recent studies have addressed the role of chemokines in leukocyte accumulation in atherosclerosis, extending our knowledge and understanding of the complex and cell type-specific functions of chemokines in atherosclerosis. Activated T-lymphocytes within the atherosclerotic vessel wall express the CD40 ligand surface molecule, known to play a major role in several immunological pathways. In addition to activated T-lymphocytes, functional CD40 and CD40L are coexpressed by human vasc…

PS7:145 Il-34, not csf-1, similarly mediates rheumatoid and lupus arthritis in patients

2018

While Myeloid cells are abundant in lupus arthritis (LA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), based on clinical presentation LA and RA are considered distinct diseases. Although inflammatory arthritis is common in patients with lupus, the pivotal mechanisms leading to joint damage have not been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that IL-34, but not CSF-1, is a predictive biomarker that is integral in perpetuating synovial destructive inflammation in both LA and RA. We report the novel findings that: using longitudinally tracked patients, IL–34, not CSF–1, is a clinical predictive biomarker for both LA and RA; and IL–34 is more robustly expressed in the synovial tissue, cells and fluid compare…

Cascades of transcriptional induction during dendritic cell maturation revealed by genome-wide expression analysis.

2003

Dendritic cells (DC) are central regulators of immunity. Signal-induced maturation of DCs is assumed to be the starting point for specific immune responses. To further understand this process, we analyzed the alteration of transcript profiles along the time course of CD40 ligand-induced maturation of human myeloid DCs by Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays covering >6800 genes. Besides rediscovery of genes already described as associated with DC maturation proving reliability of the methods used, we identified clusterin as novel maturation marker. Looking across the time course, we observed synchronized kinetics of distinct functional groups of molecules whose temporal coregulation underscores …

Yeast β-glucans and microalgal extracts modulate the immune response and gut microbiome in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

2019

One bottleneck to sustainability of fish aquaculture is the control of infectious diseases. Current trends include the preventive application of immunostimulants and prebiotics such as polysaccharides. The present study investigated how yeast β-glucan (Y), microalgal polysaccharide-enriched extracts (MAe) and whole Phaeodactylum tricornutum cells (MA) modulated the gut microbiome and stimulated the immune system in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) when administered by oral intubation. Blood, intestine and spleen samples were taken at 3 h, 24 h, 48 h and 7 days after treatment. The short-term response (within 48 h after treatment) consisted of up-regulation of il1b and irf7 expression in…

Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived and Fetal Macrophages Exhibit Mainly Features of Alternative (M2) Polarization.

2009

Abstract Abstract 4598 Monocyte heterogeneity has long been recognized and 2 functional subsets of human monocytes that exert specific roles in homeostasis and inflammation in vivo, M1 and M2 monocytes, has been described. The different monocyte subsets seem to reflect developmental stages with distinct physiological roles but few is known whether the macrophage diversity arises in early ontogeny. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) provide an unique model for in vitro studies of the early ontogeny of the hematopoietic system. Human embryonic monocytes were obtained from embryoid bodies cultured for 3 weeks in the presence of BMP4, VEGF and a mixture of hematopoietic cytokines. The sorted CD1…

Platelet proteome analysis reveals an early hyperactive phenotype in SARS-CoV-2-infected humanized ACE2 mice

2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) provokes a hypercoagulable state with increased incidence of thromboembolism and mortality. Platelets are major effectors of thrombosis and hemostasis. Suitable animal models are needed to better understand COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) and underlying platelet phenotypes. Here, we assessed K18-hACE2 mice undergoing a standardized SARS-CoV-2 infection protocol to study dynamic platelet responses via mass spectrometry-based proteomics. In total, we found significant changes in >1,200 proteins. Strikingly, protein alterations occurred rapidly by 2 days post-infection (dpi) and preceded outward clinical signs of severe disease. Pathway enr…

Role of the chemokine decoy receptor D6 in balancing inflammation, immune activation, and antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infe…

2008

D6 is a decoy and scavenger receptor for inflammatory CC chemokines. D6-deficient mice were rapidly killed by intranasal administration of low doses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The death of D6(-/-) mice was associated with a dramatic local and systemic inflammatory response with levels of M. tuberculosis colony-forming units similar to control D6-proficient mice. D6-deficient mice showed an increased numbers of mononuclear cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes) infiltrating inflamed tissues and lymph nodes, as well as abnormal increased concentrations of CC chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5) and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, int…

2021

To what extent the intake of fruit and vegetables (FV) influences inflammatory status remains elusive, particularly in older populations. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of increased FV intake for 16 weeks on circulating biomarkers of inflammation in a population of older men and women. Sixty-six participants (65–70 years) randomly assigned to either FV or control (CON) groups were instructed to increase FV intake to five servings per day through nutritional counseling (FV) or to maintain habitual diet (CON). Dietary intake and physical activity level (PA) were determined using food frequency questionnaire and accelerometers, respectively, at the start and end of th…

Anti-inflammatory dihydroxanthones from a Diaporthe species

2021

Abstract In a search for anti-inflammatory compounds from fungi inhibiting the promoter activity of the small chemokine CXCL10 (Interferon-inducible protein 10, IP-10) as a pro-inflammatory marker gene, the new dihydroxanthone methyl (1R, 2R)-1,2,8-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-9-oxo-2,9-dihydro-1H-xanthene-1-carboxylate (2) and the previously described dihydroxanthone AGI-B4 (1) were isolated from fermentations of a Diaporthe species. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and calculations using density functional theory (DFT). Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited the LPS/IFNγ induced CXCL10 promoter activity …