Search results for "cities"
showing 10 items of 447 documents
Identified particles in quark and gluon jets
1997
A sample of about 1.4 million hadronic Z decays, selected among the data recorded by the DELPHI detector at LEP during 1994, was used to measure for the first time the momentum spectra of K+, K-0, p, Lambda and their antiparticles in gluon and quark jets. As observed for inclusive charged particles, the production spectra of identified particles were found to be softer in gluon jets than in quark jets, with a higher total multiplicity. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Urban environment during early-life and blood pressure in young children
2021
Background: The urban environment is characterised by many exposures that may influence hypertension development from early life onwards, but there is no systematic evaluation of their impact on child blood pressure (BP). Methods: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured in 4,279 children aged 4-5 years from a multi-centre European cohort (France, Greece, Spain, and UK). Urban environment exposures were estimated during pregnancy and childhood, including air pollution, built environment, natural spaces, traffic, noise, meteorology, and socioeconomic deprivation index. Single- and multiple-exposure linear regression models and a cluster analysis were carried out. Results: In multi…
Evaluation of air temperature estimated by ERA5-Land reanalysis using surface data in Pernambuco, Brazil.
2022
This study aimed to analyze the average air temperature data estimated by ERA5-Land reanalysis over 10 years (01/01/2011 to 12/31/2020), based on data from 12 automatic weather stations located in different cities in the state of Pernambuco, northeast of Brazil. For more careful evaluation, the average air temperature data were stratified by mesoregions of the state. ERA5-Land reanalysis data were validated using statistical indices that evaluated the accuracy. The average air temperature estimated by ERA5-Land reanalysis agree well with weather stations in almost the entire state of Pernambuco. The highest accuracy of the average air temperature estimated by ERA5-Land occurred in the city …
Reviving the lost spaces under urban highways and bridges: an empirical study
2019
Purpose The fast development of urban movement infrastructures has created neglected urban places in cities. This study aims to provide users’ preferences for designing lost spaces that are a by-product of elevated urban highways (UHs) and bridges to develop a conceptual model for better environmental design. Design/methodology/approach This research is conducted by a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first phase, to explore the citizen’s environmental preferences based on the Q-sort technique and in-depth interviews, the ideas of 50 users were considered up to data saturation. The preferences of people for designs under urban bridges were extracted by conten…
Special Issue “Smart Urban Lighting Systems”
2020
The design and operation of multifunctional infrastructures for public lighting as well as their impact on the urban environment and citizens’ life is today of great interest. The cost of energy for public lighting is often an issue for the budget of municipalities. Furthermore, researchers’ and designers’ attention is increasingly focused on aspects of public lighting not directly valuable through economic factors. Starting from the “quality” of the light environment, looking at citizens’ visual comfort, the light has to be considered as an instrument to improve the urban context and objects therein (including buildings). Indeed, urban degradation (lack of infrastructures, maintenance, ser…
Short-Term Effects of Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Hospitalizations in the Pisan Longitudinal Study
2021
Air pollution effects on cardiovascular hospitalizations in small urban/suburban areas have been scantly investigated. Such effects were assessed among the participants in the analytical epidemiological survey carried out in Pisa and Cascina, Tuscany, Italy (2009–2011). Cardiovascular hospitalizations from 1585 subjects were followed up (2011–2015). Daily mean pollutant concentrations were estimated through random forests at 1 km (particulate matter: PM10, 2011–2015
Building Resilient Smart Cities for Sustainable Urban Tourism in Africa Post-COVID-19 Pandemic
2022
AbstractThis paper contributes to the knowledge by examining the role of smart tourism technologies in destination resilience amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering tourism in the COVID-19 crisis as an emerging stream of research, the study also explores how African cities deployed smart tourism technologies and how effective it has been in creating resilient and safe destinations. Data were collected through a semi-structured online interview from destination managers in Ghana, Kenya, and South Africa. The findings pose critical lessons for city destinations and how they need to transition into smartness to create safe spaces for travellers during and post-COVID-19. Our study makes nove…
Suicide and Ambient Temperature: A Multi-Country Multi-City Study
2019
Background: Previous literature suggests that higher ambient temperature may play a role in increasing the risk of suicide. However, no multi-country study has explored the shape of the association and the role of moderate and extreme heat across different locations. Objectives: We examined the short-term temperature–suicide relationship using daily time-series data collected for 341 locations in 12 countries for periods ranging from 4 to 40 y. Methods: We conducted a two-stage meta-analysis. First, we performed location-specific time-stratified case-crossover analyses to examine the temperature–suicide association for each location. Then, we used a multivariate meta-regression to combine t…
Il Paradigma della Città Fluida
2013
Nella recente crisi globale i poderosi flussi di capitali finanziari, sociali e relazionali che hanno alimentato la riqualificazione urbana nel corso degli ultimi quindici anni non sono più disponibili ad essere intercettati in maniera indiscriminata così come è stato possibile fino a qualche anno fa. Nell'era della crisi strutturale le città più dinamiche non sono più quelle in grado di attrarre progetti urbani iconici ed investitori spinti dal mercato immobiliare o dalla redditività delle attività ricreative, ma quelle città che, a partire dalle loro profonde e diversificate risorse culturali, saranno capaci di attuare una vera e propria “metamorfosi” per usarle come base per la creazione…
La città sostenibile. Dagli ecovillaggi alle smart cities
2012
Dall'inizio della rivoluzione industriale le città hanno richiesto crescenti quantità di energia per alimentare i processi produttivi e i bisogni dei cittadini, diventando comè noto, il luogo più inquinato del pianeta e dove si ha il maggiore consumo di energia. Nei prossimi anni le città sono chiamate a superare la dipendenza dai combustibili fossili e a ridefinire il proprio modello di funzionamento energetico e ambientale, che rischia di entrare in crisi a causa di un'intensa urbanizzazione, della crescita di emissioni di CO2, della riduzione del peso delle easy oil. L'articolo analizza due nuovi modi di interpretare le città: gli ecovillaggi e le smart cities.