Search results for "clay minerals"
showing 10 items of 77 documents
Origin of clay minerals in soils on pyroclastic deposits in the island of Lipari (Italy)
2005
The island of Lipari (Italy) is characterized by calc-alkaline to potassic volcanism and a Mediterranean-type climate. The mineralogical and chemical features of two different soil profiles with ages of 92,000 and 10,000–40,000 y, respectively, have been investigated. There were no Andisols, but Vitric and Vertic Cambisols have developed at both sites. Although the morphology of the soils was similar, remarkable differences in the clay mineralogy between the two sites were observed. The site with the Vitric Cambisol was associated with the weathering sequence: glass → halloysite → kaolinite or interstratified kaolinite-2:1 clay minerals. Both sites had smectite in the clay fraction and, to …
Isotope ratios of nonexchangeable hydrogen in soils from different climate zones
2010
Abstract The fractionation of H isotopes in global precipitation leads to a continuous decrease in 2 H concentrations of precipitation with increasing latitude, altitude and continentality. Thus, the local precipitation, soil and ground water used by plants for photosynthesis or consumed during neoformation of pedogenic clay minerals often have a spatially diagnostic δ 2 H value. We hypothesize that the δ 2 H value of isotopically nonexchangeable H in bulk soil (composed of C-bonded H in soil organic matter (SOM) and the nonexchangeable fraction of O-bonded H in pedogenic clay minerals) is correlated with the mean δ 2 H value of local precipitation water at the place and time of biomass pro…
Microtomographic Quantification of Hydraulic Clay Mineral Displacement Effects During a CO2 Sequestration Experiment with Saline Aquifer Sandstone
2013
We combined a noninvasive tomographic imaging technique with an invasive open-system core-flooding experiment and compared the results of the pre- and postflooded states of an experimental sandstone core sample from an ongoing field trial for carbon dioxide geosequestration. For the experiment, a rock core sample of 80 mL volume was taken from the 629 m Stuttgart Formation storage domain of a saline sandstone aquifer at the CCS research pilot plant Ketzin, Germany. Supercritical carbon dioxide and synthetical brine were injected under in situ reservoir p/T-conditions at an average flow rate of 0.1 mL/min for 256 h. X-ray computed microtomographic imaging was carried out before and after the…
The lithium isotope response to the variable weathering of soils in Iceland
2021
Abstract This study has analysed Li isotopes ratios from well-studied soil and pore water profiles from Iceland that have the same parent material but have experienced different degrees of chemical weathering. Thus, from least to most weathered, we have analysed vitrosols (V), gleyic andosols (GA), brown andosols (BA), Histosols (H) and Histic Andosols (HA). Although the most weathered H and HA soils have the highest content in clay-sized material, they have the least fractionated δ7Lipore water values. In contrast, the least weathered GA and BA pore waters are most fractionated for Li isotopes. Given that Li isotope ratios are fractionated by clay mineral formation, this appears counter-in…
Interlamellar Reactions of Tetracalcium Aluminate Hydrates with Water and Organic Compounds
1967
Tetracalcium aluminate hydrates are the first example of layer-structured crystals containing neutral sheets, which are highly capable of interlamellar adsorption of water and neutral organic compounds. In this respect tetracalcium aluminate hydrates present new aspects of the phenomenon of swelling, and bring about the challenge of comparison with the frequently examined clay-organic compounds. This report is concerned with the probable monolayer structure of tetracalcium aluminate hydrate which forms five hydration stages. A summary concerning configuration and properties of adsorption complexes with approximately 500 selected organic substances follows. As far as these substances are hom…
Geochemical characteristics of waters in mineralised area of Peloritani Mountains (Sicily, Italy)
2009
Abstract This paper presents the results of a study on the geochemistry of waters circulating in the mineralised area of the south-eastern sector of Mt. Peloritani (north-eastern Sicily, Italy), aimed at basic understanding of the geochemical processes influencing their chemical composition. Chemico-physical parameters and data on 26 major and minor chemical elements are reported for 103 water samples. Water chemistry is mainly dominated by dissolution of carbonates and hydrolysis of aluminosilicate minerals. Total dissolved salts (TDS) range from 80 to 1398 mg/L. All the waters exhibit E H characteristic of an oxygenated environment. Excluding two samples, which show very high H + activity…
Multifunctional halloysite and hectorite catalysts for effective transformation of biomass to biodiesel
2023
Halloysite surface was modified with tetrabutylammonium iodide, and then the obtained nanomaterial was used as support for ZnO nanoparticles. After characterization, the nanomaterial was used as a catalyst for fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) production. The recyclability of the nanomaterial was also investigated, and the optimization of reaction conditions by the design of experiments approach was performed as well. In addition, the synthesized nanomaterial was tested as a catalyst for FAME production from a series of waste lipids affording biodiesel in moderate to good yields (35–95%), depending on the matrix. To fully exploit the feasibility of clay minerals as catalysts in biodiesel for…
Lower Aptian climate and recording of the oceanic anoxic event 1a on the terrigenous shelf of the Paris Basin.
2021
Astronomical calibration of the Valanginian and the Hauterivian stages (lower cretaceous) : paleoclimatic and paleooceanographic implications
2013
Orbital floating time scales are proposed for the Valanginian Stage and part of the Hauterivian Stage (Early Cretaceous). These are based on the identification of the eccentricity cycles from spectral analyses performed on high-resolution climatic proxies measured on hemipelagic marl-limestone alternations. Five reference sections were analysed in the Vocontian Basin (SE France), spanning the entire Valanginian. A duration of 5,08 myr is proposed for the Valanginian Stage from the identification of the 405-kyr eccentricity cycle. The time frame proposed, combined with available radiometric ages, shows that the mid-Valanginian 13C positive excursion (namely the Weissert Event) occurs prior …