Search results for "climate"
showing 10 items of 4934 documents
Disease dispersion as a spatial interaction: The case of Flavescence Dorée
2020
International audience; Flavescence dorée is a serious and incurable vine disease transmitted by an insect vector. Focusing on its spatial diffusion and on its control with pesticides, this paper investigates the private strategies of wine producers and their socially optimal counterparts. The socially optimal regulation has to address two externalities regarding private treatment decisions: (a) the insufficient consideration of collective benefits from controlling the vector populations; (b) the failure to take into account environmental damage related to pesticide application. The probability of infection is estimated on French data from a spatial econometric specification. Three alternat…
LOW VIGOR PEACH × ALMOND ROOTSTOCKS FOR INTENSIVE PEACH PLANTINGS IN MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENTS
2014
A three-year trial was carried out to evaluate the vegetative and productive performance of five peach rootstocks of varied vigor. The study was conducted in south-western Sicily using 45 V-trained trees of 'Tropic Snow' peach planted in 2005 and grafted on GF677 and four low-vigor rootstocks selected at the Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, namely IS5/8 (Polluce), IS5/19 (Castore), IS5/23, IS5/29. Trunk circumference, winter and summer pruning weight, number and mass of fruit were recorded from 2010 to 2012. All IS selections reduced trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) and pruning weight compared to GF677 with IS5/23 inducing the highest reducti…
Zaangażowanie muzeum w proces komunikowania o zmianie klimatu
2019
In this paper I addressed the issue of the engagement of museums in climate change. The problem of climate change is so important in the current social context that, despite its difficult political connotations, it cannot be ignored by museums, especially if we consider a museum as an element of a public sphere. Climate change is a challenge in 21st century. Climate change will present challenges that are of long-term nature, multidimensional and global phenomenon. It could impact directly on museums. I assume museums can provide a safe place for dialogue around climate change. Museums can also inform publics about the science of climate change and help to equip people with knowledge, shape…
Auditing Public Debt Using Risk Management
2023
The Audit Office of the Republic of Cyprus conducted the first-ever audit of the country’s public debt, seeking answers to two key questions. Is government debt sustainable, and is debt financing efficient and effective in securing the lowest cost with acceptable risks? The audit’s findings were discussed by the parliament and can have significant ramifications for public finance. However, public debt management is quite complex, and the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions suggests that sufficient technical knowledge is essential in undertaking an audit, including an understanding of the uncertain macroeconomy, financing conditions, and government fiscal stance. We use…
Degree Days and Building Energy Demand
2015
Degree-days (DD) are a climatic indicator that can be used in the assessment and analysis of weather related to energy consumption of buildings. Essentially, degree-days are a summation of the differences between the outdoor temperature and some reference (or base) temperature over a specific time period. In literature, different method can be used for determining the DD value and generally the choice depends on the availability of climatic data of each location. In this paper, after a review and comparison of the most common approaches used to determine DD, the Italian procedure was deeply analyzed. The application of Italian technical rules is based on weather data calculated on a monthly…
Sulla possibilità di estendere l'informazione climatica del passato attraverso le serie dendrocronologiche
2008
E’ noto che, a parte alcune eccezioni, la misura sistematica delle variabili meteorologiche in Italia ha avuto inizio a metà del XIX secolo. Non diversamente, in Sicilia si dispone di un numero limitato di serie storiche pluviometriche di consistenza pari a 100-120 anni e termometriche di 60-70 anni. L’obiettivo di una più approfondita conoscenza del clima passato, in Sicilia, può essere perseguito estendendo alcune serie storiche climatiche disponibili, mediante la dendroclimatologia, scienza che permette, attraverso l’analisi degli anelli annuali di accrescimento degli alberi, di legare l’entità di tale accrescimento alle cause che lo hanno generato e, in particolare, alle condizioni clim…
Denitrifying microbial communities along a boreal stream with varying land-use
2019
Streams have an important role in regulating nitrogen (N) transportation from terrestrial ecosystems to downstream waters. Here, we examined how catchment land-use affects potential denitrification rates and the function and composition of denitrifier communities in boreal stream sediments, using stable isotope incubations and qPCR and 454-pyrosequencing targeted on nirS, nirK and nosZ genes. Although land-use influenced the water chemistry as higher nitrite + nitrate (NO x − ) concentration at the agriculture-affected sampling point, sediment organic matter content was found to be the key factor in regulating potential denitrification rates. However, the abundance as well as the diversity …
Microbial Community Response on Wastewater Discharge in Boreal Lake Sediments
2017
Despite high performance, municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) still discharge significant amounts of organic material and nitrogen and even microbes into the receiving water bodies, altering physico-chemical conditions and microbial functions. In this study, we examined how nitrified wastewater affects the microbiology of boreal lake sediments. Microbial community compositions were assessed with next generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and a more detailed view on nitrogen transformation processes was gained with qPCR targeting on functional genes (nirS, nirK, nosZI, nosZII, amoAarchaea, and amoAbacteria). In both of the two studied lake sites, the microbial community compo…
Interlake variation and environmental controls of denitrification across different geographical scales
2013
Denitrification in lakes significantly reduces the nitrogen (N) load from land to oceans, but the factors controlling it remain poorly under- stood. Therefore, interlake variation of denitrification in sediments of small to medium-sized lakes (from 0.03 to 17.8 km 2 ) was studied across different geo- graphical scales. At the local scale, the denitrification rates and sediment microbial communities were studied in 4 boreal lakes in close proximity (within 20 km) using the isotope pairing technique (IPT) and molecular methods. These local scale data were com- bined with previously published data on denitrifica- tion rates from 10 other European lakes to extend the analysis to the regional (b…
Microbial communities in full-scale woodchip bioreactors treating aquaculture effluents.
2021
Woodchip bioreactors are being successfully applied to remove nitrate from commercial land-based recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) effluents. In order to understand and optimize the overall function of these bioreactors, knowledge on the microbial communities, especially on the microbes with potential for production or mitigation of harmful substances (e.g. hydrogen sulfide; H2S) is needed. In this study, we quantified and characterized bacterial and fungal communities, including potential H2S producers and consumers, using qPCR and high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. We took water samples from bioreactors and their inlet and outlet, and sampled biofilms growing on woodchips a…