Search results for "clinical trial"
showing 10 items of 1656 documents
Is erythropoietin a worthy candidate for traumatic brain injury or are we heading the wrong way?
2016
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the modern society. Although primary prevention is the only strategy that can counteract the primary brain damage, numerous preclinical studies have been accumulated in order to find therapeutic strategies against the secondary damage. In this scenario erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to be a promising candidate as neuroprotective agent. A recent clinical trial, however, has shown that EPO has not an overall effect on outcomes following TBI thus renewing old concerns. However, the results of a prespecified sensitivity analysis indicate that the effect of EPO on mortality remains still unclear. In the light of the…
Can a healthy life prevent us from post-menopausal osteoporosis? Myths and truths
2016
Abstract Postmenopausal osteoporosis is related to unmodifiable risk factors (genetics, race, gender and age). However, other controllable factors such as activity, body mass, hormone and calcium levels and dietary habits can reduce fracture risk. For example, significant increases in bone mass density have been linked to physical activity in children, supplements of Vitamin C taken for more than 10 years, or high consumption of fish, olive oil or dried plums. This review establishes the scientific basis behind these non-pharmaceutical practices and summarizes a number of basic studies and clinical trials involving them as well as discusses their potential for the osteoporosis treatment. A …
Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson's Disease: From James Parkinson to the Concept of Prodromal Disease.
2018
The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is based on clinical features and differently to the common opinion that detecting this condition is easy, seminal clinico-pathological studies have shown that up one-fourth of patients diagnosed as PD during life has an alternative diagnosis at post-mortem. The misdiagnosis is even higher when only the initial diagnosis is considered, since the diagnostic accuracy improves by time, during follow-up visits. Given that the confirmation of the diagnosis of PD can be only obtained through neuropathology, to improve and facilitate the diagnostic-therapeutic workup in PD, a number of criteria and guidelines have been introduced in the last three decades.…
Association between obesity and periodontal disease. A systematic review of epidemiological studies and controlled clinical trials.
2016
Background: Obesity is a very prevalent chronic disease worldwide and has been suggested to increase susceptibility of periodontitis. The aim of this paper was to provide a systematic review of the association between obesity and periodontal disease, and to determine the possible mechanisms underlying in this relationship. Material and Methods: A literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed-Medline and Embase. Controlled clinical trials and observational studies identifying periodontal and body composition parameters were selected. Each article was subjected to data extraction and quality assessment. Results: A total of 284 articles were identified, of which 64 were preselected…
The hard road to data interpretation: 3 or 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage III colon cancer?
2019
Background Six months of adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is standard for patients with stage III colon cancer following surgery. However, oxaliplatin is associated with peripheral neurotoxicity which worsens over treatment duration. Consequently, a shorter treatment duration, if equally effective, would be extremely beneficial. A pooled analysis of data for 12 834 stage III colon cancer patients, from six randomised phase III trials of adjuvant therapy, the International Duration Evaluation of Adjuvant chemotherapy study, was carried out and the results presented at the ASCO Annual Meeting 2017. To clarify the potential impact of these results on clinical practice, ESMO decided to s…
Feasibility of Treatment Discontinuation in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Clinical Practice in Spain: Results from a Nationwide Series of 236 Patients
2018
Abstract Introduction: Over half of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in sustained deep molecular remission do not lose the major molecular response (MMR) after stopping treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). This strategy is safe in controlled clinical trials, but there is scarce information on its applicability in the real-life setting. We aimed to assess if treatment cessation was feasible in clinical practice in a large nationwide series of CML patients from Spain. Methods: This retrospective study comprised a series of 236 patients in chronic-phase CML who discontinued TKI treatment outside of clinical trials between April 2009 and February 2018 in 33 Spanish insti…
Two known therapies could be useful as adjuvant therapy in critical patients infected by COVID-19☆
2020
Pneumonia caused by coronavirus, which originated in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, has been spread around the world already becoming a pandemic. Unfortunately, there is not yet a specific vaccine or effective antiviral drug for treating COVID-19. Many of these patients deteriorate rapidly and require intubation and are mechanically ventilated, which is causing the collapse of the health system in many countries due to lack of ventilators and intensive care beds. In this document we review two simple adjuvant therapies to administer, without side effects, and low cost that could be useful for the treatment of acute severe coronavirus infection associated with acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-C…
Safety of red yeast rice supplementation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
2019
International audience; Recently, concerns regarding the safety of red yeast rice (RYR) have been raised after the publication of some case reports claiming toxicity. Since the previous meta-analyses on the effects of RYR were mainly focused on its efficacy to improve lipid profile and other cardiovascular parameters, we carried out a meta-analysis on safety data derived from the available randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Primary outcomes were musculoskeletal disorders (MuD). Secondary outcomes were non-musculoskeletal adverse events (Non-MuD) and serious adverse events (SAE). Subgroups analyses were carried out considering the intervention (RYR alone or in association with oth…
Clinical application of mutational analysis in breast cancer patients: The relevance of PIK3CA analysis for precision medicine
2019
Abstract Background The identification of biomarkers to drive treatment is one of the most important objectives of precision medicine. During last years, the role of PIK3CA mutations have been related to clinical benefit deriving from treatment with PI3K, and mTOR inhibitors. In breast cancer (BC), PIK3CA mutations are widely present and the use, in clinical trials, of selective inhibitors improved clinical outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the value of a monocentric genomic screening program to select patients for trials with experimental targeted agents. Methods We examined PIK3CA mutation in a cohort of 312 metastatic BC patients diagnosed at Hospital Clinico Valencia-INCLIVA …
The Use of Hypomethylating Agents (HMAs) in Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (RR-AML): Clinical Outcomes and Their Predic…
2016
Abstract Introduction: Patients with RR-AML, particularly older adults, have dismal outcomes and limited therapy options. Given low response rates and high toxicity with salvage intensive chemotherapy, and frequent ineligibility for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), many patients are treated with HMAs. Robust data regarding use of HMAs in AML predominates in the frontline setting, while their use in RR-AML has limited supportive data. Here wesought to analyze theoutcomes and their predictors in patients with RR-AML treated with HMAs. Methods:We collected data, spanning a period from 2006 to 2016, from 7 centers in the United States and 4 centers in Europe regarding patients tr…