Search results for "colitis"
showing 10 items of 483 documents
Predominant role of NF-kappa B p65 in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation.
1998
NF-kappa B is a key transcription factor of lymphocytes and macrophages with important regulatory functions in the immune system and inflammatory processes. These functions are at least partially based on its ability to regulate the promoters of a variety of genes whose products, such as cytokines, adhesion molecules and acute phase proteins, are critical for inflammatory processes. In the present study, we describe a method to treat established intestinal inflammation by local or systemic application of antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides targeting the translation start site of the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B. Specific downregulation of p65 by administration of antisense phosphorothi…
Reciprocal IFN-gamma and TGF-beta responses regulate the occurrence of mucosal inflammation.
1997
The above new findings concerning the immunological mechanisms governing mucosa, immune responses and oral tolerance in TCR-transgenic mice, as well as those operative in mice with experimental colitis, greatly expand our understanding of the processes that normally control mucosal inflammation and possibly other types of inflammation as well (Fig. 1). They indicate that, in the nondiseased mouse, ingested proteins evoke a Th1-cell (IFN-gamma) response in the mucosal follicles that is quickly counter-regulated by induction of T-cell anergy/deletion, if this Th1-cell response is inhibited (experimentally by anti-IL-12), TGF beta-producing cells appear, and these are capable of active immune …
Effect anti inflammatory and anti obesity of the polyphenolic extracts of carob leaves "Ceratonia siliqua" and cladode "Opuntia ficus-indica"
2018
In the present study, we have investigated the effects of polyphenol-rich infusions from carob leaves and OFI-cladodes on inflammation associated with obesity and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in Swiss mice. In vitro studies revealed that aqueous extracts of carob leaves and OFI-cladodes exhibited anti-inflammatory properties marked by the inhibition of , TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells concomitant with NF-κβ nucleus translocation inhibition. For in vivo investigations, Swiss male mice were subjected to control or high fat diet (HFD). At the 4th week after the start of study, animals received or not 1% i…
Estrogens control inflammation in experimental colitis.
2014
There is now a wealth of experimental evidence indicating that the deficit in endogenous estrogen facilitates the onset of inflammation that can be antagonized by estrogen replacement therapy. This work investigated the role of estrogen in the control of intestinal inflammation in a panel of colitis models, focusing on the morphological changes, the activity of mast cells, the expression of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha), fibronectin and reactive oxygen species. Two hundred adult male rats were divided into 4 groups: colitis was induced in Group I and Group II but only the latter was treated with estrogen; Group III received estrogen only, and Group IV saline. Colitis was induced…
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AND INFGERTILITY: ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
2021
Background: inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders that affect the gastrointestinal tract but which also present extraintestinal manifestations. One of the problems related to IBD is the presence of bothfemale and male infertility. Aim: determine the correlation between IBD and male and female infertility by analyzing the literature. Material and method: studies carried out in the last twenty years have been selected through the PubMed search engine. Only studies were selected that in their conclusions showed a real correlation between IBD and infertility. Results: the first cause of infetility in both sexes is related to the surgical interventions that patients have to fac…
Protective effects of Aphanizomenon Flose-Aquae (AFA) extract on experimental colitis in rat
2018
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic immune disorders, which necessitate long-term dependence on powerful drugs. Recently, the use of natural product-based therapies has emerged as a promising intervention for IBD. Aphanizomenon flose-aquae (AFA) is a unicellular bluegreen microalgae, traditionally used for its health-enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; we aimed to evaluate its protective effects on animal model of experimental colitis. Colitis was induced in rat by intracolonic instillation of 15 mg of 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). Rats received AFA (100 mg/kg/d) by oral route, 4 days before and 6 days after colitis induction. The effects of AFA on D…
Clostridium difficile toxins A and B inhibit human immune response in vitro
1988
Two Clostridium difficile toxins isolated from strain VPI 10463 were tested for their effect on different human T-cell proliferation systems. In mitogen- and antigen-driven T-cell proliferation systems, toxins inhibited the proliferative response in a dose-dependent fashion. In interleukin-2-driven culture systems, no effect of toxins could be found on preactivated T cells. We suspected that monocytes were the influenced cells, since in antigen- and mitogen-driven systems monocytes were necessary for the proliferative response, whereas the interleukin-2-driven system was independent of monocytes. To prove this concept, purified monocytes were treated with toxins. The treatment was found to …
Internal Hernia Masquerading As Necrotizing Enterocolitis
2017
In extremely preterm infants, acute abdominal emergencies are fortunately less common with improving care. Spontaneous intestinal perforation and necrotizing enterocolitis are conditions where emergency surgery is most often needed. Conservative medical management and placement of temporary drain are often used in the initial management. Internal hernia (IH) is an uncommon cause of bowel obstruction in neonates, is difficult to diagnose and unfortunately are found only at autopsy. The presentation in preterm infants, distinction between these conditions, and the need for early diagnosis of IH are discussed.
Early intestinal perforation secondary to congenital mesenteric defects
2016
Abstract Gastrointestinal perforation (GIP) in preterm neonates may be idiopathic, due to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), or mechanical obstruction. The predominant cause of GIP in the neonatal period is NEC. Differential diagnosis with congenital malformations, including mesenteric defects leading to internal hernias, is mandatory if the onset is early. We describe two newborns with trans-mesenteric herniation resulting in GIP, and we discuss the presence of possible additional risk factors such as prematurity and predisposing vascular disruption in connective tissue disorders (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), twinning, and use of assisted reproductive technologies. These cases prompted us to rev…
Neuronal intestinal dysplasia
1987
Findings in 23 children with neuronal intestinal dysplasia (NID) are presented. Twelve children had Hirschsprung's disease that masked the existence of proximal NID. In all cases the diagnosis was established by histological-histochemical examination. Amelioration of symptoms by conservative treatment alone was achieved in 4 children; in 13 cases colostomy was necessary. In 6 patients colon resection was performed: 2 suffered from both colitis and obstruction; the other 4 were treated for obstruction, multiple perforations, persistant adynamia of the left colon, and fistulation. In 9 patients the colostomy was closed. Four of 6 children who did not have sonographic confirmation of motility …