Search results for "colorectal neoplasms"
showing 10 items of 496 documents
Natural polyphenols in cancer therapy.
2011
Natural polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants involved in defense against different types of stress. Extracts containing these compounds have been used for thousands of years in traditional eastern medicine. Polyphenols act on multiple targets in pathways and mechanisms related to carcinogenesis, tumor cell proliferation and death, inflammation, metastatic spread, angiogenesis, or drug and radiation resistance. Nevertheless, reported effects claimed for polyphenols are controversial, since correlations between in vitro effects and in vivo evidence are poorly established. The main discrepancy between health claims versus clinical observations is the frequent use of nonphysiological…
Pharmacogenomics in colorectal carcinomas: Future perspectives in personalized therapy
2005
The recent introduction of new drugs such as capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatinum has greatly improved the clinical outcome of patients with advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, some patients may suffer from the adverse drug reactions which will probably be the main cause of chemotherapy failure. The goal of pharmacogenomics is to find correlations between therapeutic responses to drugs and the genetic profiles of patients; the different responses to a particular drug are due, in fact, not only to the specific clinico-pathological features of the patient or to environmental factors, but also to the ethnic origins and the particular individual's genetic profile. Genes …
Colorectal cancer: pharmacogenetics support for the correct drug prescription
2019
Pharmacogenetics (PGx) in clinical practice is a tool that the clinician can use to guide, in a personalized way, the most suitable treatment that will be administered to the patient. The objective of this review is to summarize in a practical and accessible rational way, the advances that currently exist for the application of PGx in colorectal cancer chemotherapy management through the study of the patients’ germline polymorphisms. To define the polymorphisms that can be applied, we rely on three fundamental cornerstones: the recommendations of drug regulatory agencies; the implementation guidelines prepared by expert consortia in PGx and information from clinical annotations (the drug/p…
Advances in endoscopic imaging of colorectal neoplasia.
2010
Colon cancer screening is arguably the most important activity performed by gastroenterologists. Recent decreases in rates of death from colorectal cancer indicate that screening methods such as colonoscopy have a positive impact. There is still room for improvement, however, particularly in prevention of right-sided colon cancer. Practice issues, such as making colonoscopy more comfortable, safer, and less costly, are keys to continued success in cancer prevention. Colonoscopy techniques, technologies, and quality control measures have advanced to improve detection, classification, and removal of early neoplasias. In particular, slow, careful inspection of the colon by gastroenterologists …
Angiogenesis, immune system and growth factors: new targets in colorectal cancer therapy.
2005
Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignant human neoplasia. Over recent years, many efforts have been performed in order to develop and improve therapeutic protocols, and many advances have been accomplished in both the field of adjuvant and palliative therapy. Most of the chemotherapic agents currently used in the clinical setting are the products of decades of research aimed at inhibiting the uncontrolled growth of dysplastic cells. However, new frontiers in this field have recently been opened, with the identification of key molecules involved in physiologic mechanisms that are of fundamental importance for cancer development and progression. Tumor-induced angiogenesis, the ca…
Colorectal cancer defeating? Challenge accepted!
2013
Colorectal tumours are actually considered as aberrant organs, within it is possible to notice a different stage of cell growth and differentiation. Their origin is reported to arise from a subpopulation of tumour cells endowed with, just like the healthy stem cells, self-renewal and aberrant multi-lineage differentiation capacity likely to be called colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) fate, since their origin, reflects the influences from their microenvironment (or niche) both in the maintenance of stemness, in promoting their differentiation, and in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, responsible of CSCs dissemination and subsequent formation of metastat…
MicroRNAs Associated With Biological Pathways of Left- and Right-sided Colorectal Cancer.
2020
BACKGROUND/AIM MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate miRNAs and their relation to cancer-related signaling pathways in site-specific CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a total of 24 left- and right-sided Finnish CRC samples (discovery cohort) and The Cancer Genome Atlas public mature miRSeq dataset of 201 CRC samples (validation cohort). MiRNA differential expression and biological pathway analyses were performed using DESeq2 and the DIANA/mirPath tool, respectively. RESULTS We found 17 significantly differentially up-regulated [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05] miRNAs in left-sided CRC ("left miRNAs"), and 15 in right-sided CRC ("ri…
Analytical Validation of Multiplex Biomarker Assay to Stratify Colorectal Cancer into Molecular Subtypes
2019
International audience; Previously, we classified colorectal cancers (CRCs) into five CRCAssigner (CRCA) subtypes with different prognoses and potential treatment responses, later consolidated into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS). Here we demonstrate the analytical development and validation of a custom NanoString nCounter platform-based biomarker assay (NanoCRCA) to stratify CRCs into subtypes. To reduce costs, we switched from the standard nCounter protocol to a custom modified protocol. The assay included a reduced 38-gene panel that was selected using an in-house machine-learning pipeline. We applied NanoCRCA to 413 samples from 355 CRC patients. From the fresh frozen samples (n…
Cloning and Expression of the mRNA of Human Galectin-4, an S-type Lectin Down-Regulated in Colorectal Cancer
1997
We are interested in the characterization of genes whose expressions in the colon are modified during colorectal carcinogenesis. Our approach was to establish the phenotype of a colon tumor by partial sequencing of a large number of transcripts, then to select mRNAs of potential interest by differential screening with complex probes from normal or cancerous colon. In this paper, we report the cloning and sequencing of a mRNA strongly underexpressed in colorectal cancer. It corresponded to a protein comprising 323 amino acids, that appeared to be human galectin-4 on the basis of 76% and 79% amino acid identity to the rat and pig counterparts, respectively. Tissue distribution analysis showed…
Real-Time Quantification in Plasma of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA: A Simple Blood Test to Monitor Disease in Cancer Patients
2001
Real-Time Quantification in Plasma of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA: A Simple Blood Test to Monitor Disease in Cancer Patients