Search results for "communicable diseases"
showing 10 items of 105 documents
Toning down the 2019-nCoV media hype—and restoring hope
2020
Summary Emerging infectious diseases are an important public health threat and infections with pandemic potential are a major global risk. Although much has been learned from previous events the evidence for mitigating actions is not definitive and pandemic preparedness remains a political and scientific challenge. A need exists to develop trust and effective meaningful collaboration between countries to help with rapid detection of potential pandemic infections and initiate public health actions. This collaboration should be within the framework of the International Health Regulations. Collaboration between countries should be encouraged in a way that acknowledges the benefits that derive …
Outside-host phage therapy as a biological control against environmental infectious diseases
2018
Background Environmentally growing pathogens present an increasing threat for human health, wildlife and food production. Treating the hosts with antibiotics or parasitic bacteriophages fail to eliminate diseases that grow also in the outside-host environment. However, bacteriophages could be utilized to suppress the pathogen population sizes in the outside-host environment in order to prevent disease outbreaks. Here, we introduce a novel epidemiological model to assess how the phage infections of the bacterial pathogens affect epidemiological dynamics of the environmentally growing pathogens. We assess whether the phage therapy in the outside-host environment could be utilized as a biologi…
First description of non-motile Yersinia ruckeri serovar I strains causing disease in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), cultured in Spain.
2006
Yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth (ERM) disease, was isolated from epizootics that occurred in different Spanish rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), farms in which vaccination against ERM had been performed. In all episodes, the most pronounced clinical signs exhibited by affected fish were severe haemorrhages in the mouth, eyes and around the vent. The isolates were identified as Y. ruckeri serovar I by 16S rRNA sequencing together with serological tests. They lacked motility and lipase activity and thus belonged to biotype 2, and were highly virulent for juvenile rainbow trout, both by intraperitoneal injection (from 3.1 x 10(2) to 6.3 x 10(3) cfu per fish) …
Enterovirus Co-infections and Onychomadesis after Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease, Spain, 2008
2011
Mixed infection of enteroviruses may explain the rare complication of nail shedding. Onychomadesis after HFMD
Vibrio vulnificus serovar A: an emerging pathogen in European anguilliculture.
2006
The spread of the emerging pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 serovar A in Danish anguilliculture is reported. Serovar A was originally isolated in a Spanish eel farm in 2000 and occurred in Denmark in the summer of 2004, affecting eels of 5-10 g body weight cultured in fresh water. The Danish eels showed clinical signs different from those reported for Spanish eels, such as severe haemorrhages in the head and gill region with necrosis of the soft tissues. Danish isolates were biochemically and serologically identical to Spanish serovar A strains and also highly virulent for eels by both intraperitoneal injection and immersion challenges. Vaccination with Vulnivaccine, a vaccine against V…
Identification of the novel Kawasaki 2014 GII.17 human norovirus strain in Italy, 2015
2015
Surveillance of noroviruses in Italy identified the novel GII.17 human norovirus strain, Kawasaki 2014, in February 2015. This novel strain emerged as a major cause of gastroenteritis in Asia during 2014/15, replacing the pandemic GII.4 norovirus strain Sydney 2012, but being reported only sporadically elsewhere. This novel strain is undergoing fast diversification and continuous monitoring is important to understand the evolution of noroviruses and to implement the future strategies on norovirus vaccines.
Tonometers and infectious risk: myth or reality? Efficacy of different disinfection regimens on tonometer tips
2006
Purpose To evaluate the adequacy of common disinfection regimens for disposable tonometer tips and assess if disinfection of reusable prisms or the use of disposable tips is preferable. Methods We used disposable tonometer tips, using the same material and tip diameter of standard Goldmann tonometer prism. Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans were tested according to the European standard guidelines for disinfectants test. Antimicrobial effectiveness of the following disinfection practices has been assessed: dry wipe, Minuten wipes (Alpros), soaking in 3% hydrogen peroxide, 0.5% benzalkonium chloride, and 0.5% Pantasepts for 1, 5, …
Genital pustules, fever, lymphadenopathy in a heterosexual couple
2022
No abstract available
Prospective analysis of infectious disease surveillance data using syndromic information.
2014
In this paper, we describe a Bayesian hierarchical Poisson model for the prospective analysis of data for infectious diseases. The proposed model consists of two components. The first component describes the behavior of disease during nonepidemic periods and the second component represents the increase in disease counts due to the presence of an epidemic. A novelty of our model formulation is that the parameters describing the spread of epidemics are allowed to vary in both space and time. We also show how syndromic information can be incorporated into the model to provide a better description of the data and more accurate one-step-ahead forecasts. These real-time forecasts can be used to …
Pustular lesions and itching in a couple of young migrants
2022
Two teenage illegal migrants from Bangladesh coming from a Libyan port arrived at Lampedusa Island-Italy. The health authorities, having noticed the presence of pustules on the limbs and genitals, suspecting a monkeypox virus infection, have urgently transferred them to the University Hospital of Palermo. They mentioned itching and prior sexual contact. On inspection, itching lesions and pustular lesions with central crusted umbilication and erythematous bases were detected. One of them had also fever and increased c-reactive protein. A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay on vesicle swabs to research monkeypoxvirus DNA and HIV serology was performed for both patients.