Search results for "comparisons"
showing 10 items of 85 documents
Generalization of novel names for relations in comparison settings: the role of conceptual distance during learning and at test
2018
International audience; Relational categories are notoriously difficult to learn. We studied the impact of comparison on relational concept learning with a novel word learning task in 3- and 4-year olds. We contrasted a no-comparison (single) condition and two comparison conditions. In the latter case, the set of learning pairs was composed of either close or far pairs (e.g., close pair: knife1- watermelon, knife2-orange; far pair: ax-evergreen tree, saw-log, for the “cutter for” relation). We also manipulated the transfer stimuli semantic distance (near or distant semantic domain, e.g., a scissor for a piece of paper in the close case, and a shaver for a face in the far domain case). The n…
Semantics bias in cross-national comparative analyses : Is it good or bad to have "fair" health?
2016
The Health Behavior in School-aged Children is a cross-national study collecting data on social and health indicators on adolescents in 43 countries. The study provides comparable data on health behaviors and health outcomes through the use of a common protocol, which have been a back bone of the study sine its initiation in 1983. Recent years, researchers within the study have noticed a questionable comparability on the widely used item on self-rated health. One of the four response categories to the item “Would you say your health is….?” showed particular variation, as the response category “Fair” varied from 20 % in Latvia and Moldova to 3–4 % in Bulgaria and Macedonia. A qualitative min…
Trends in perceived school stress among adolescentsin five Nordic countries 2002–2014
2019
Abstract Associations between school-related stress and poor health, risk behaviours and low well-being are well documented. The aim of this paper was to estimate trends of perceived school stress experienced by boys and girls of different ages in the Nordic countries, and to describe trends in school stress between the Nordic countries. Nordic data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (HBSC) between 2002 and 2014 were used. The participants were aged 11–16 years. School stress was measured by a single item; “How pressured do you feel by schoolwork?” The participants answering “some” or “a lot” were categorised as reporting school stress. Sweden, Norway and Denmark had …
Validating Test Score Interpretations by Cross-National Comparison
2015
Cross-national assessment of students’ competences in higher education is becoming increasingly important in many disciplines including economics but there are few available instruments that meet psychological standards for assessing students’ economic competence in higher education (HE). One of them is the internationally valid Test of Understanding in College Economics (TUCE), which has been adapted and employed successfully in HE systems in various countries, but the test results have seldom been used for international comparisons of students’ Economic Content Knowledge (ECK). Here, we compare the German and the Japanese test adaptations of the TUCE with reference to the American origin…
Flexible negotiation process to adhere to human preferences; A case of work equipment risk assessment
2021
Making structured and reliable decisions on relevant business problems often requires expert assistance. In decision making practice, experts are frequently required to pairwise compare elements to support the decision made. This paper proposes a user-friendly negotiation procedure to establish an effective feedback relation with experts to globally increase the consistency of their pairwise comparisons judgments, where necessary. To this aim, we develop a flexible tool, which makes use of an algebraic consistency-improving algorithm and a sensitivity analysis technique to identify which judgments contribute most to inconsistency. The framework pursues friendliness for the involved decision…
Intentions to drop-out of youth soccer: A test of the basic needs theory among European youth from five countries
2013
Research arising from self-determination theory (SDT; Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268) indicates that the quality of the social interactions between athletes and coaches, and athletes' ensuing psychological responses, are critical determinants of intentions to drop out of youth sport. Little is known regarding whether these processes hold across countries. Grounded in SDT, this study tested the invariance of a model predicting youth sport dropout across five European countries. Seven thousand seven hundred and sixty-nine grassroots players (6641 males, 1020 fem…
Intercultural comparisons of eating habits and food preferences.
2013
International audience
Psychological intimate partner violence against women in the European Union: a cross-national invariance study
2019
Abstract Background Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is a worldwide public health problem. One of the most frequent forms of this type of violence in western societies is psychological IPVAW. According to the European Union (EU) Fundamental Rights Association (FRA) the prevalence of psychological IPVAW in the EU is 43%. However, the measurement invariance of the measure addressing psychological IPVAW in this survey has not yet been assessed. Methods The aim of this study is to ensure the cross-national comparability of this measure, by evaluating its measurement invariance across the 28 EU countries in a sample of 37,724 women, and to examine how the levels of this type of vi…
Conditional predictive inference for online surveillance of spatial disease incidence
2011
This paper deals with the development of statistical methodology for timely detection of incident disease clusters in space and time. The increasing availability of data on both the time and the location of events enables the construction of multivariate surveillance techniques, which may enhance the ability to detect localized clusters of disease relative to the surveillance of the overall count of disease cases across the entire study region. We introduce the surveillance conditional predictive ordinate as a general Bayesian model-based surveillance technique that allows us to detect small areas of increased disease incidence when spatial data are available. To address the problem of mult…
Employment Effects of Skills Around the World: Evidence from PIAAC
2017
Making use of an international survey that directly assesses participants’ cognitive skills, I study the effect of skills on workers’ employment in 32 countries. On average, a one-standard-deviation increase in numeracy skills is associated with a 7.6 percentage points increase in the probability of being employed. Controlling for years spent in education, the employment effect of numeracy skills falls to 4.8 percentage points. Numeracy skills account for 30 percent of the 2.7 percentage points employment effect that is associated with years of education. There is considerable heterogeneity across both subgroups and countries.