Search results for "competition"

A hierarchical analysis of genetic structure and variability in patchily distributed coexisting Chiastocheta species (Diptera:Anthomyiidae)

1996

The pattern of genetic variation in four coexisting fly species of the genus Chiastocheta was studied by allozyme electrophoresis. The fly species are confined to patches of one plant, Trollius europaeus, and thus experience very similar habitat fluctuations. Collection sites were chosen in a hierarchical fashion and F-statistics were estimated at three levels: intraregion, inter-region and total population. Population characteristic genetic parameters were compared within and among species and were related to the hierarchical level. The species were used as replicate experiments for inference of habitat history, and the hierarchical levels were used as inference for specific gene flow patt…

Differential competitive ability between sexes in the dioecious Antennaria dioica (Asteraceae)

2012

† Background and Aims Differences in competitive ability between the sexes of dioecious plants are expected as a result of allocation trade-offs associated with sex-differential reproductive costs. However, the available data on competitive ability in dioecious plants are scarce and contradictory. In this study sexual competition was eval- uated using the dioecious plant Antennaria dioica in a common garden transplantation experiment. † Methods Male and female plants were grown for 3 years either in isolation, or in competition with a plant of the same sex or the opposite sex. Flowering phenology, sexual and asexual reproduction, plant growth, nutrient content and arbuscular mycorrhizal col…

Interactions among bacterial strains and fluke genotypes shape virulence of co-infection.

2015

Most studies of virulence of infection focus on pairwise host–parasite interactions. However, hosts are almost universally co-infected by several parasite strains and/or genotypes of the same or different species. While theory predicts that co-infection favours more virulent parasite genotypes through intensified competition for host resources, knowledge of the effects of genotype by genotype (G × G) interactions between unrelated parasite species on virulence of co-infection is limited. Here, we tested such a relationship by challenging rainbow trout with replicated bacterial strains and fluke genotypes both singly and in all possible pairwise combinations. We found that virulence (host mo…

The Place of Indications of Geographical Origin in the Intellectual Property System

2014

As indicated in the introductory chapter of this book, different designations are used for denoting goods and services in the trade which are not congeneric from the legal point of view. Among those designations, there are also those which contain a reference to a particular geographical place, i.e. geographical designations. This situation is successfully revealed in materials of one international conference by indicating that many designations which are used in commerce may contain a geographical reference (yet their legal nature is different) by distinguishing three different groups of such designations:

Geographies of Cyberspace: Internet, Community, Space, and Place

2017

This chapter “Geographies of Cyberspace” discusses the term “cyberspace” in relation to the concepts of “space”, “place”, and “community” by reviewing the academic literature from human geography, sociology, and cultural anthropology. It forms the basis for the development of a phenomenological perspective on cyberspace. Instead of presenting all possible approaches towards cyberspace, this chapter discusses only those concepts that focus on the connections between on- and offline life. It proposes that cyberspace not only includes spatial and territorial metaphors , as several human geographers have pointed out, but that it is also characterised by complex geographies, which have to be exp…

Are there steady-state phytoplankton assemblages in the field?

2003

The difficulty in advancing in Ecology is due, in part, to the fact that this science uses a mainly qualitative language instead of a more formal or mathematical one. Therefore, many ecologists' efforts are expended in controversies resulting from the vagueness of ecological concepts, for example: stability, equilibrium, ecosystem, community, and so on. When approaching the study of steady-state phytoplankton assemblage, the different interpretations of these concepts can paralyse fruitful discussion. In the following pages, there is an endeavour to both restrict and precise the meaning of some of the concepts related to this topic and to broaden the range of possibilities of steady-state i…

Femininity and the Salon

2020

This chapter concerns Salon Culture and its role as a distributor of philosophy at the beginning of the nineteenth century, marking the importance of the mostly unacknowledged contribution by female thinkers. The salon presents the space between private and profession in which the participants could try out new roles and change old ones. Thus, the establishment of sentimental circles such as the Tugendbund around Henriette Herz, the extensive net of communication and representation established by Rahel Varnhagen, the opportunity to publish under either pseudonyms or hidden behind a male editorship used by writers such as Dorothea Schlegel may all count as first attempts to form a role as sa…

KILLER AND VICTIM ISSUES: ISSUE COMPETITION IN THE AGENDA-SETTING PROCESS OF GERMAN TELEVISION

1995

Assessment of genetic variation in SicilianHelichrysum(Asteraceae) and implication to germplasm conservation

2008

Some taxa of Sicilian Helichrysum related to sect. Stoeachadina have an uncertain systematic position; moreover, they are rare and endangered. In order to preserve these taxa in a genebank, a strategy to keep their genetic variation as high as possible is required. The high informative content of AFLP markers was used to assess genetic variations within and between populations and their relationships. The results show that all populations are genetically similar, even though there are two distinct groups: the first is the population referred to H. pendulum, and the second is represented by other populations belonging to several different specific and intraspecific taxa. The H. pendulum popu…

Servicios educativos y sanitarios elementales en el medio rural: percepción social e influencia sobre la calidad de vida

2012

One of the main characteristics of rural areas is a higher quality of life. However, the basic aspects of the social structure, e.g. the basic education and health-care services, are barely responsible for the wellbeing of the society, although the necessity of improving their offer is continually emphasised. Consequently, it is interesting to discover how the rural population actually values the capacity of these services to intervene in their quality of life. Logically, because of the diversity of spaces that constitute the rural areas, the results vary; at least that is what the analysis of the interviews of various key actors shows: while the services are crucial for the municipalities …