Search results for "complex"

Intermolecular Cystine-Bonding of Murine Interleukin 2 Indicates that Ligand Dimerization is Important for the Formation of the High-Affinity Recepto…

1992

Interleukin 2 is thought to be active as a monomeric protein. As the nonessential Cys-140 of murine interleukin 2 (mIL2) is located in the hydrophobic interface of the amphiphilic F domain it was successfully used to stabilize hydrophobic amino acid contacts between two mIL2 cores yielding biologically active cystine-bonded dimeric mIL2. (3H) thymidine incorporation assays with intermolecular cystine-bonded or monomeric mIL2 revealed almost identical median effective concentrations (EC50) and high-affinity dissociation constants (Kdh), respectively. Comparative binding and internalization assays suggest that one cystine-bonded dimeric or two monomeric mIL2 molecules bind to the high-affinit…

The Proteoglycan NG2 Is Complexed with α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors by the PDZ Glutamate Receptor Interactio…

2003

The proteoglycan NG2 is expressed by immature glial cells in the developing and adult central nervous system. Using the COOH-terminal region of NG2 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified the glutamate receptor interaction protein GRIP1, a multi-PDZ domain protein, as an interacting partner. NG2 exhibits a PDZ binding motif at the extreme COOH terminus which binds to the seventh PDZ domain of GRIP1. In addition to the published expression in neurons, GRIP1 is expressed by immature glial cells. GRIP1 is known to bind to the GluRB subunit of the AMPA glutamate receptor expressed by subpopulations of neurons and immature glial cells. In cultures of primary oligodendrocytes, cells c…

Arabidopsis p24δ5 and p24δ9 facilitate Coat Protein I-dependent transport of the K/HDEL receptor ERD2 from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum.

2014

The p24 proteins belong to a family of type I membrane proteins which cycle between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi via coat protein I (COPI) and COPII vesicles. Current nomenclature classifies them into four subfamilies, although plant p24 proteins belong to either the p24β or the p24δ subfamilies. Here, we show that Arabidopsis p24δ5/δ9 and HDEL ligands shift the steady-state distribution of the K/HDEL receptor ERD2 from the Golgi to the ER. We also show that p24δ5/δ9 interact directly with ERD2. This interaction requires the Golgi dynamics (GOLD) domain in p24δ5 and is much higher at acidic than at neutral pH, consistent with both proteins interacting at the cis-Golgi. In additi…

Human germ cell differentiation from fetal- and adult-derived induced pluripotent stem cells

2010

Historically, our understanding of molecular genetic aspects of human germ cell development has been limited, at least in part due to inaccessibility of early stages of human development to experimentation. However, the derivation of pluripotent stem cells may provide the necessary human genetic system to study germ cell development. In this study, we compared the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), derived from adult and fetal somatic cells to form primordial and meiotic germ cells, relative to human embryonic stem cells. We found that ∼5% of human iPSCs differentiated to primordial germ cells (PGCs) following induction with bone morphogenetic proteins. Furthermore, …

Exogenous introduction of an immunodominant peptide from the non-structural IE1 protein of human cytomegalovirus into the MHC class I presentation pa…

2008

Exogenous introduction of particle-associated proteins of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) into the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I presentation pathway by subviral dense bodies (DB) is an effective way to sensitize cells against CD8 T-cell (CTL) recognition and killing. Consequently, these particles have been proposed as a platform for vaccine development. We have developed a strategy to refine the antigenic composition of DB. For proof of principle, an HCMV recombinant (RV-VM3) was generated that encoded the immunodominant CTL determinant IE1TMY from the IE1 protein in fusion with the major constituent of DB, the tegument protein pp65. To generate RV-VM3, a bacterial artificial…

High-Generation Amphiphilic Janus-Dendrimers as Stabilizing Agents for Drug Suspensions

2018

Pharmaceutical nanosuspensions are formed when drug crystals are suspended in aqueous media in the presence of stabilizers. This technology offers a convenient way to enhance the dissolution of poorly water-soluble drug compounds. The stabilizers exert their action through electrostatic or steric interactions, however, the molecular requirements of stabilizing agents have not been studied extensively. Here, four structurally related amphiphilic Janus-dendrimers were synthesized and screened to determine the roles of different macromolecular domains on the stabilization of drug crystals. Physical interaction and nanomilling experiments have substantiated that Janus-dendrimers with fourth gen…

Mathematical Control of Complex Systems 2013

2014

Mathematical control of complex systems have already become an ideal research area for control engineers, mathematicians, computer scientists, and biologists to understand, manage, analyze, and interpret functional information/dynamical behaviours from real-world complex dynamical systems, such as communication systems, process control, environmental systems, intelligent manufacturing systems, transportation systems, and structural systems. This special issue aims to bring together the latest/innovative knowledge and advances in mathematics for handling complex systems. Topics include, but are not limited to the following: control systems theory (behavioural systems, networked control syste…

Toward more realistic viscosity measurements of tyre rubber–bitumen blends

2014

AbstractThe measurement of rheological properties of the tyre rubber bitumen blends is often challenging due to presence of suspended tyre rubber’s crumbs. Furthermore, the phase separation during the course of measurements makes the viscosity of these non-homogeneous blends difficult to ascertain. In this study, a new dual helical impeller was designed and manufactured to be used with a rotational viscometer in order to have a real-time control of the viscosity while performing a laboratory mixing of the blends. Layer based manufacturing techniques showed to be a convenient method to produce complex shaped impeller prototypes before manufacturing the more expensive stainless steel assembly…

Recent advances in the electrochemical reduction of substrates involving N−O Bonds

2020

Synthesis of Polycyclic Indolines by Utilizing a Reduction/Cyclization Cascade Reaction

2021

European journal of organic chemistry 2021(45), 6097-6101 (2021). doi:10.1002/ejoc.202101191