Search results for "component"
showing 10 items of 1682 documents
The Unique Invention of the Siliceous Sponges: Their Enzymatically Made Bio-Silica Skeleton
2011
Sponges are sessile filter feeders that, among the metazoans, evolved first on Earth. In the two classes of the siliceous sponges (the Demospongiae and the Hexactinellida), the complex filigreed body is stabilized by an inorganic skeleton composed of amorphous silica providing them a distinct body shape and plan. It is proposed that the key innovation that allowed the earliest metazoans to form larger specimens was the enzyme silicatein. This enzyme is crucial for the formation of the siliceous skeleton. The first sponge fossils with body preservation were dated back prior to the “Precambrian-Cambrian” boundary [Vendian (610–545 Ma)/Ediacaran (542–580 Ma)]. A further molecule required for t…
Los componentes del discurso en la Suma collaciones o de ayuntamientos
2016
El presente trabajo pretende estudiar la articulación del discurso en el Communiloquium de Juan de Gales y en su traducción castellana: la Suma de collaciones o de ayuntamientos o Libro del gobernador (ms. 12181 de la BNE). Este tratado para ayuda de los predicadores se caracteriza por la hábil imbricación de diferentes fragmentos tomados de fuentes grecolatinas: sentencias, definiciones, argumentaciones, similitudines y exempla. Estos últimos son objeto de un especial análisis. El autor cierra la puerta a los provenientes de la experiencia personal o de la tradición oral y recoge fundamentalmente los protagonizados por personajes de la antigu?edad clásica. Este apego a la letra escrita pru…
Small RNA‐binding protein RapZ mediates cell envelope precursor sensing and signaling in Escherichia coli
2019
Abstract The RNA‐binding protein RapZ cooperates with small RNAs (sRNAs) GlmY and GlmZ to regulate the glmS mRNA in Escherichia coli. Enzyme GlmS synthesizes glucosamine‐6‐phosphate (GlcN6P), initiating cell envelope biosynthesis. GlmZ activates glmS expression by base‐pairing. When GlcN6P is ample, GlmZ is bound by RapZ and degraded through ribonuclease recruitment. Upon GlcN6P depletion, the decoy sRNA GlmY accumulates through a previously unknown mechanism and sequesters RapZ, suppressing GlmZ decay. This circuit ensures GlcN6P homeostasis and thereby envelope integrity. In this work, we identify RapZ as GlcN6P receptor. GlcN6P‐free RapZ stimulates phosphorylation of the two‐component sy…
Algorithms for Graph and Network Analysis: Graph Alignment
2019
In this article we discuss the problem of graph alignment, which has been longly referred to for the purpose of analyzing and comparing biological networks. In particular, we describe different facets of graph alignment, according to the number of input networks, the fixed output objective, the possible heterogeneity of input data. Accordingly, we will discuss pairwise and multiple alignment, global and local alignment, etc. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive overview of the algorithms and techniques proposed in the literature to solve each of the specific considered types of graph alignment. In order to make the material presented here complete and useful to guide the reader in the use o…
Editorial: Software language engineering
2008
Software languages play an important role in software development. Software languages are the artificial languages that are used to describe software systems at various abstraction levels. They are applied to describe requirements and designs for software, definitions of software architectures, and implementations of software systems. A huge variety of different technological spaces exist to describe languages: programming languages, software modeling languages, data modeling languages, domain-specific languages, ontology language, and others.
ValWorkBench: an open source Java library for cluster validation, with applications to microarray data analysis.
2015
Background: Cluster analysis is one of the most well known activities in scientific investigation and the object of research in many disciplines, ranging from statistics to computer science. It is central to the life sciences due to the advent of high throughput technologies, e.g., classification of tumors. In particular, in cluster analysis, it is of relevance to assess cluster quality and to predict the number of clusters in a dataset, if any. This latter task is usually performed via internal validation measures. Despite their potentially important role, both the use of classic internal validation measures and the design of new ones, specific for microarray data, do not seem to have grea…
State Model of Service Reliability
2006
We propose a simple formalism for modelling of a service reliability. A service is defined as an ordered set of states of a modelled application. In the model, a certain reliability is assigned to each application state. Reliability of a service is expressed in terms of above partial reliabilities.
A metrics suite for evaluating agent-oriented architectures
2010
The Multi-agent Systems (MASs) paradigm continues to consolidate itself as a new branch of software engineering. Traditional software engineering strongly recommends to apply metrics in software developments. However, several research groups of experts in agent-oriented software engineering agree that classical software metrics and object-oriented metrics cannot directly measure the quality of MAS architectures. For this reason, this work proposes a suite of metrics to measure certain quality attributes of MAS architectures, considering agents and their organization. Most of these metrics are inspired by object-oriented metrics but they are adapted to agent-oriented concepts. Proposed metri…
Natural language access to software applications
1998
This paper reports on the ESPRIT project MELISSA (Methods and Tools for Natural-Language Interfacing with Standard Software Applications)1. MELISSA aims at developing the technology and tools enabling end users to interface with computer applications, using natural-language (NL), and to obtain a precompetitive product validated in selected enduser applications. This paper gives an overview of the approach to solving (NL) interfacing problem and outlines some of the methods and software components developed in the project.
A spectroscopic method for determining lignin content of softwood and hardwood kraft pulps
1998
Abstract A rapid method for determining the kappa number of unbleached and oxygen-delignified kraft pulps in the range 3–35 is presented. This novel method was based on the multivariate analysis of VIS spectral data on pulp samples. The calculated models and the test results indicated that partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) models yielded similar results, PLS being slightly more accurate. It was also found that for practical purposes a separate model for each wood feedstock and delignification process is needed.