Search results for "compounding"
showing 10 items of 112 documents
Efficacy of four cleaning solutions for the decontamination of selected cytotoxic drugs on the different surfaces of an automated compounding system
2018
The automated aseptic preparation of ready-to-administer antineoplastic drug solutions with robotic systems reduces the risk of occupational exposure. However, the surfaces in the preparation area of the robot are to be cleaned by wiping with an appropriate cleaning solution. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of four cleaning solutions on four surface materials installed in the APOTECAchemo robot. Predefined amounts of cisplatin (Cis), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and cyclophosphamide (CP) were intentionally spread on test plates made of stainless steel, aluminium, polyoxymethylene, and polycarbonate just as installed in the robotic system APOTECAchemo. After drying, the …
Study of morphology, mechanical properties, and thermal degradation of polycarbonate-titania nanocomposites as function of titania crystalline phase …
2013
Titania nanoparticles were prepared using a sol–gel method and calcination at 2008C and 6008C to obtain anatase and rutile phases, respectively. The obtained powders were used to prepare polycarbonate (PC)-titania nanocomposites by melt compounding. The effect of different crystalline phases and amounts of titania, in the range 1–5 wt%, on the morphology, mechanical properties, and thermal degradation kinetics of PC was investigated. The results show that the filler modified the plasticity or rigidity of the polymer and influenced the degradation kinetics, in different ways depending on the type and amount of titania. POLYM. COMPOS.,
Characterization of transparent silver loaded poly(l-lactide) films produced by melt-compounding for the sustained release of antimicrobial silver io…
2014
Abstract In the present study, thermally stable silver complexes were produced and incorporated into a poly-( l -lactide) (PLA) matrix by melt-compounding. The effect of the different formulations on the mechanical and color properties was first evaluated. Additionally, the release of silver ions to an aqueous environment was also monitored over time by anodic stripping voltammetry and correlated with the antimicrobial performance against Salmonella enterica. The incorporation of some silver compounds with contents of 1 wt% did not affect the mechanical or optical properties of the films. The films showed a good potential for application in surface treatment and demonstrated a sustainable, …
On the interlayer spacing collapse of Cloisite (R) 30B organoclay
2011
Abstract When used as a nanofiller for the preparation of polymer/clay nanocomposites (PCNs), Cloisite® 30B (30B) often undergoes a d-spacing collapse, as demonstrated by a shift to wider angles of the XRD basal reflection. Such collapse has been variously attributed to organoclay contamination or, more often, to thermal degradation of the organic modifier with expulsion of the volatile products from the galleries. In this work, several PCNs loaded with 30B have been prepared by melt compounding, using different polymer matrices, and have subsequently been subjected to dissolution in appropriate solvents followed by precipitation in excess non-solvent and room temperature drying. An XRD ana…
Biopolymer based nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets
2016
In this work, biopolymer based nanocomposites filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) were prepared by melt compounding in a batch mixer. The polymer used as matrix was a commercial biodegradable polymer-blend of PLA and a copolyester (BioFlex®). The prepared materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), rheological and mechanical measurements. Moreover, the effect of the GnP amount on the investigated properties was evaluated. The results indicated that the incorporation of GnP increased the stiffness of the biopolymeric matrix.
EVA Copolymer Based Nanocomposites
2002
Nanocomposites are a new class of polymer material with an ultrafine phase dispersion of the order of a few nanometers that shows very interesting properties often very different from those of conventional filled polymers. In this work the mechanical and optical properties of Poly-[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] (EVA copolymer) based nanocomposites have been investigated to evaluate its possible use in several applications. For example, films for covering greenhouse effect. Mechanical properties, and the rigidity in particular, are, on the contrary, quite low. Nanocomposites should avoid this shortcoming if optical properties and processability are not unfavorably effected. EVA copolymer base…
Effects of organoclay on morphology and properties of nanocomposites based on LDPE/PA-6 blends without and with SEBS-g-MA compatibilizer
2009
LDPE/PA-6 blends (75/25 wt/wt) were added with SEBS-g-MA (S) and/or an organoclay (20A) using different compounding sequences and the morphology and the properties of the blends or composites were investigated. An XRD study of the nanocomposites with pure polymers showed that 20A is intercalated by LDPE or PA-6 chains, whereas it is exfoliated by S if the clay concentration does not exceed 10 wt%. The SEM investigation showed that both S and 20A behave as efficient emulsifying agents for the LDPE/PA-6 blends. However, their effect on the mechanical properties was found to be opposite: S enhanced toughness but lowered the stiffness, whereas 20A improved the elastic modulus but impaired the i…
Robotic i.v. medication compounding: Recommendations from the international community of APOTECAchemo users.
2016
Purpose The development of recommendations for advancing automated i.v. medication compounding is described. Summary Managing the shift from manual to robotic compounding of i.v. therapies requires an awareness of how automation affects practice and how to best implement robotics into current practice. An international panel of pharmacy professionals, researchers, and technology leaders with experience in i.v. robotics collaborated during a two-day meeting in August 2014 to define a general set of principles to broaden the understanding of the fundamental elements of robotic compounding worldwide. Participants were divided into four working groups (technology and safety; drugs and products;…
Compounded preparations in dermatology – analysis of prescribing habits in everyday clinical practice in Germany
2020
Background Compounded preparations (CPs) are an indispensable addition to approved, commercially available drugs (CADs), especially for topical therapy. In Germany, about eight million CPs are prescribed within the statutory health insurance system each year, 50 % thereof by dermatologists. Methods We analyzed prescribing habits based on a questionnaire sent out to 186 office-based dermatologists and 1,491 pharmacies in the federal states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland. The goal was to improve patient care by collecting and categorizing data in terms of prescription practice and associated challenges in interdisciplinary cooperation. Results Overall, 351 pharmacists (23.5 %) and 53 de…
New developments in optimizing bronchodilator treatment of COPD: a focus on glycopyrrolate/formoterol combination formulated by co-suspension deliver…
2018
COPD causes considerable health and economic burden worldwide, with incidence of the disease expected to continue to rise. Inhaled bronchodilators, such as long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) and long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs), are central to the maintenance treatment of patients with COPD. Clinical studies have demonstrated that combined LAMA + LABA therapies improve efficacy while retaining a safety profile similar to LAMA or LABA alone. This has led to the development of several LAMA/LABA fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapies, which provide patients with the convenience of two active compounds in a single inhaler. GFF MDI (Bevespi Aerosphere®) is an FDC of glycopyrrolate/formote…