Search results for "conditional probability"
showing 10 items of 63 documents
Radon transform as a set of probability distributions
2009
It is proved that the Radon transform of the Wigner function gives the probability distributions related to measuring the observable operators obtained as linear combinations of position and momentum of the relevant particle. The generalization to an arbitrary number of degrees of freedom is given.
Demand for and Pricing of Mobile Internet: Evidence from a Real-World Pricing Experiment
2006
Commercialization of innovations frequently stumbles. A prominent recent example are the early (i.e. pre3G)mobile phone-enabled Internet services, whose European takeup was slower than expected. To determine why, we build a structural model of demand for such services and estimate it using consumerlevel panel data from a real world pricing experiment. The experiment allows for a decomposition of the number of wireless connections into the number of needs instances where a consumer would establish a connection if the price were zero and the conditional probability of establishing a connection. We find that needs were plenty and potential consumer surplus several magnitudes higher than that a…
Statistical prediction of corrosion front penetration
1997
A statistical method to predict the stochastic evolution of corrosion fronts has been developed. The method is based on recording material loss and maximum front depth. In this paper we introduce the method and test its applicability. In the absence of experimental data we use simulation data from a three-dimensional corrosion model for this test. The corrosion model simulates localized breakdown of a protective oxide layer, hydrolysis of corrosion product and repassivation of the exposed surface. In the long time limit of the model, pits tend to coalesce. For different model parameters the model reproduces corrosion patterns observed in experiment. The statistical prediction method is base…
On the checking of g-coherence of conditional probability bounds
2003
We illustrate an approach to uncertain knowledge based on lower conditional probability bounds. We exploit the coherence principle of de Finetti and a related notion of generalized coherence (g-coherence), which is equivalent to the "avoiding uniform loss" property introduced by Walley for lower and upper probabilities. Based on the additive structure of random gains, we define suitable notions of non relevant gains and of basic sets of variables. Exploiting them, the linear systems in our algorithms can work with reduced sets of variables and/or constraints. In this paper, we illustrate the notions of non relevant gain and of basic set by examining several cases of imprecise assessments d…
Bayesian joint models for longitudinal and survival data
2020
This paper takes a quick look at Bayesian joint models (BJM) for longitudinal and survival data. A general formulation for BJM is examined in terms of the sampling distribution of the longitudinal and survival processes, the conditional distribution of the random effects and the prior distribution. Next a basic BJM defined in terms of a mixed linear model and a Cox survival regression models is discussed and some extensions and other Bayesian topics are briefly outlined.
Probabilistic Fuzzy Approach to Evaluation of Logistics Service Effectiveness
2014
Received: 9 September 2014 Abstract Accepted: 11 October 2014 Logistics service providers offer a whole or partial logistics business service over a certain time period. Between such companies, the effectiveness of specific logistics services can vary. Logistics service providers seek the effective performance of logistics service. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach for the evaluation of logistics service effectiveness, along with a specific computer system implementing the proposed approach – a sophisticated inference system, an extension of the Mamdani probabilistic fuzzy system. The paper presents specific knowledge concerning the relationships between effectiveness i…
Stochastic Models of Higher Order Dielectric Responses
2018
The nonlinear response for systems exhibiting Markovian stochastic dynamics is calculated using time-dependent perturbation theory for the Green’s function, the conditional probability to find the system in a given configuration at a certain time given it was in another configuration at an earlier time. In general, the Green’s function obeys a so-called master-equation for the balance of the gain and loss of probability in the various configurations of the system. Using various models for the reorientational motion of molecules it is found that the scaled modulus of the third-order response, \(X_3\), shows a hump-like behavior for random rotational motion in some cases and it exhibits “triv…
Coherence Checking and Propagation of Lower Probability Bounds
2003
In this paper we use imprecise probabilities, based on a concept of generalized coherence (g-coherence), for the management of uncertain knowledge and vague information. We face the problem of reducing the computational difficulties in g-coherence checking and propagation of lower conditional probability bounds. We examine a procedure, based on linear systems with a reduced number of unknowns, for the checking of g-coherence. We propose an iterative algorithm to determine the reduced linear systems. Based on the same ideas, we give an algorithm for the propagation of lower probability bounds. We also give some theoretical results that allow, by suitably modifying our algorithms, the g-coher…
Jet correlations: opportunities and pitfalls
2014
The simplest observables used to probe the interaction of hard partons with a QCD medium in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions measure disappearance, such as the nuclear modification factor R_AA. The information content of such observables is however limited. More differential information is obtained from triggered correlation observables where a trigger condition ensures that a hard event has taken place and the correlation of other objects in the event with the trigger contains information about the nature of parton-medium interaction. By construction, triggered correlation observables are conditional probabilities, i.e. they measure events biased by the trigger condition. The presenc…