Search results for "congruence"

All congruences below stability-preserving fair testing or CFFD

2020

AbstractIn process algebras, a congruence is an equivalence that remains valid when any subsystem is replaced by an equivalent one. Whether or not an equivalence is a congruence depends on the set of operators used in building systems from subsystems. Numerous congruences have been found, differing from each other in fine details, major ideas, or both, and none of them is good for all situations. The world of congruences seems thus chaotic, which is unpleasant, because the notion of congruence is at the heart of process algebras. This study continues attempts to clarify the big picture by proving that in certain sub-areas, there are no other congruences than those that are already known or …

Hundreds of nuclear and plastid loci yield novel insights into orchid relationships.

2021

Pérez-Escobar, Oscar Alejandro, Dodsworth, Steven, Bogarín, Diego, Bellot, Sidonie, Balbuena, Juan A, Schley, Rowan J, Kikuchi, Izai A, Morris, Sarah K, Epitawalage, Niroshini, Cowan, Robyn, Maurin, Olivier, Zuntini, Alexandre, Arias, Tatiana, Serna-Sánchez, Alejandra, Gravendeel, Barbara, Torres Jimenez, Maria Fernanda, Nargar, Katharina, Chomicki, Guillaume, Chase, Mark W, Leitch, Ilia J, Forest, Félix, Baker, William J (2021): Hundreds of nuclear and plastid loci yield novel insights into orchid relationships. American journal of botany 108 (7): 1166-1180, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7778176

On the representation of integers by indefinite binary Hermitian forms

2011

Given an integral indefinite binary Hermitian form f over an imaginary quadratic number field, we give a precise asymptotic equivalent to the number of nonequivalent representations, satisfying some congruence properties, of the rational integers with absolute value at most s by f, as s tends to infinity.

On the myriad mathematical traditions of ancient greece

2002

To exert one’s historical imagination is to plunge into delicate deliberations that involve personal judgments and tastes. Historians can and do argue like lawyers, but their arguments are often made on behalf of a picture of the past, and these historical images obviously change over time. Why should the history of mathematics be any different? When we imagine the world of ancient Greek mathematics, the works of Euclid (Heath 1926), Archimedes (Heath 1897b), and Apollonius (Heath 1897a) easily spring to mind. Throughout most of the twentieth century, our dominant image of Greek mathematical traditions has been shaped by the high standards of rigor and creative achievement that are purporte…

The dual equivalence of equations and coequations for automata

2015

The transition structure α : X ? X A of a deterministic automaton with state set X and with inputs from an alphabet A can be viewed both as an algebra and as a coalgebra. We use this algebra-coalgebra duality as a common perspective for the study of equations and coequations. For every automaton ( X , α ) , we define two new automata: free ( X , α ) and cofree ( X , α ) representing, respectively, the greatest set of equations and the smallest set of coequations satisfied by ( X , α ) . Both constructions are shown to be functorial. Our main result is that the restrictions of free and cofree to, respectively, preformations of languages and to quotients A * / C of A * with respect to a congr…

From Lattice Valued Theories to Lattice Valued Analysis

2015

We claim and justify that the future of a fuzzy logic is in the interconnection of various well-developed theories. We are focused on a lattice valued analysis that unifies the treatments of atomic elements, sets of atomic elements, functions between sets of atomic elements and their properties. We clarify the relationship between a fuzzy function and its ordinary core. We discuss the property of continuity of a fuzzy function in a lattice valued topology.

Vote choices of left-authoritarians: Misperceived congruence and issue salience

2021

Abstract Often lacking parties with a corresponding profile, citizens with economically left and culturally authoritarian, or nationalist, policy orientations face a trade-off between congruence on economic and on cultural issues. How such left-authoritarian voters resolve this trade-off depends on which issues are more salient to them, previous research argues. We extend this line of research by considering the role of (mis-)perceived party positions. Using a survey in the context of the 2017 German election, we show how perceived congruence and issue importance interactively shape the left-authoritarian vote. Our findings indicate that many left-authoritarians vote for a party simply beca…

Additivity of the Equationally-Defined Commutator and Relatively Congruence-Distributive Subquasivarieties

2015

On the non-malacostracan crustaceans (Crustacea: Branchiopoda, Copepoda, Ostracoda) from the inland waters of Fthiotida (Greece)

2019

In the frame of the activities of the LIFE11 NAT/GR/1014 ForOpenForests, some water bodies occurring in the "Ethnikos Drymos Oitis" (GR2440004) and "Oros Kallidromo" (GR2440006) (Sterea Ellada) were investigated with the aim of providing a first census of the composition and diversity of their crustacean fauna. Overall, the sampling of 15 water bodies (7 of them listed as "Mediterranean temporary ponds" sensu EU "Habitats Directive") led to the finding of 13 branchiopod, 11 copepod, and 7 ostracod taxa, including 4 species new for mainland Greece, i.e. the copepods Arctodiaptomus alpinus (Imhoff, 1885) and Diaptomus cf. serbicus, and the branchiopods Leptestheria dahalacensis (Rüppel, 1837)…

On congruence between brand and human personalities

2010

PurposeThe purpose of this research paper is to uncover the relations between brand and human personality by identifying brand preferences of consumers with different personality types.Design/methodology/approachBased on the existing literature, 15 propositions are suggested linking Ekelund's DI types as parsimonious proxies of human personality and brand personality dimensions as suggested by Aaker. Propositions were tested through statistical analysis of survey data collected in two stages.FindingsIt was found that consumers prefer brands with personalities that match their own. For example, consumers with Blue DI type exhibit clear aversion from the excitement dimension of brand personal…