Search results for "connectivité"
showing 10 items of 22 documents
Diversity and phylogeography of Southern Ocean sea stars (Asteroidea)
2019
How is life distributed on the Southern Ocean sea floor? How can we explain species distribution patterns, their origin and the underpinning drivers? These questions are central to macroecological studies, especially in regions facing fast environmental changes. The main objective of this thesis was to describe and characterise distribution patterns of sea stars species (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) with regards to reproductive strategy (i.e. brooding versus broadcasting), a key life history trait for species dispersal. I tested whether contrasting dispersal abilities between direct developers (brooders) and species with pelagic larvae in their development (broadcasters) result in distinct di…
Optimization of flat area coverage under connectivity constraint in wireless sensor networks
2022
A wireless sensor network consists of a set of small autonomous units that interact via a network built by their communication modules. They observe their environment, capture information, then manage this information according to their computing and/or storage capacity. To effectively accomplish their task(s), they need to cover as much of the area of interest as possible. It is therefore essential to quantify the quality of their coverage. In this thesis, we therefore seek to best cover an area of interest, with a precise number of sensors. While taking into account the possible overlaps between sensors, we first deploy in a zone of regular dimensions and evaluate the exact coverage using…
Connectivité des habitats et distribution du petit et du grand rhinolophe : données, modèles et prédiction
2010
National audience
Les graphes paysagers pour la modélisation et la gestion des pullulations de campagnols terrestres.
2016
International audience; Les prairies d’Auvergne et de Franche-Comté sont régulièrement envahies par un rongeur, le campagnol terrestre. Le projet CAMPAGRAPHE vise à fournir un appui pour la mise en place d’un dispositif agro-écologique limitant sa diffusion grâce à une modélisation des réseaux de prairies.Le graphe obtenu permet de localiser des actions de terrain et orienter le suivi des populations.
Les espaces verts d´entreprise en Île-de-France : une contribution aux connectivités urbaines ?
2013
National audience; A venir
Bridging landscape graphs and genetic graphs for analysing habitat ecological connectivity
2021
Several key ecological processes for maintaining biodiversity rely upon the ecological connectivity of habitat. Accordingly, connectivity modelling methods have been developed for understanding precisely the influence of connectivity and deriving sound biodiversity conservation measures. Among them, landscape graphs represent habitat networks as sets of habitat patches (nodes) connected by potential dispersal paths (links). Yet, the ecological relevance of these tools required validation from biological data reflecting closely the influence of habitat connectivity. Genetic data allow for such validation as population genetic structure partly depends on dispersal-driven gene flow between hab…
Smart River : Towards Efficient Cooperative Autonomous Inland Navigation
2022
In recent years, inland waterway transport has witnessed increasing attention from France and many European countries. However, this mode of transport lacks flexibility, has an aging infrastructure, and the current ships are not adapted to an increase in transport capacity ensuring the safety of vessels and goods as well as reliable and constant delivery times. Therefore, inland transport must go through an organizational and technical renovation specific to its particular environment in order to hope to compete with land transport.In this thesis, we propose developing a smart river ecosystem that focuses on three principal axes: (i) automatic inland infrastructure, (ii) autonomous inland s…
Paysage & [et] infrastructures de transport : modélisation des impacts des infrastructures sur les réseaux écologiques
2013
The development of linear infrastructures leads to the fragmentation and the artificialisation of the landscape across scales. Landscape fragmentation is a spatial process that is accompanied by a progressive decrease of the connectivity between the elements needed to conduct ecological processes. Thus, maintaining a good level of connectivity between natural habitats, compatible with human activities, has become a major issue for the preservation of biodiversity.By mobilizing methods from graph theory and landscape ecology, the thesis seeks to demonstrate the value of landscape graphs to model ecological networks and analyze impacts of transportation infrastructures at regional scale.The m…
Reconfiguration du modèle conjugal à l'heure de l'hyperconnectivité : TIC et territoires de l'intime
2014
Online devices are part of our daily lives, fundamentally changing our habits and practices,especially as regards relationships as well as interpersonal and social communication.In this doctoral research, the aim was to analyse the ways in which Information and CommunicationTechnologies (ICTs) have somehow ‘reshaped’ the traditional conjugal model.Indeed, more than just technical devices, ICTs are communicational and even ‘transitional’devices. They are means of strategies and issues within the couple and the family. Theseincreasingly nomadic technologies question the couple regarding its foundations. First ofall, the phenomenon of hyper connectivity (or ‘continuous connectivity’) creates a…
Impacts écologiques des formes d'urbanisation : modélisations urbaines et paysagères
2015
The global increase of urbanization during the past decades have induced a progressive artificialization of natural environments. The building of transport infrastructures and new housings causes a landscape fragmentation in an irreversible way and a strong decrease of the connectivity of ecological habitats. Maintaining the functionality of ecological networks is becoming a major goal of sustainable urban planning policies. With a special focus on urban evolutions in the horizon 2030 in the urban area of Besançon in eastern France (residential development and road traffic evolutions), this thesis aims to assess the potential impact of urban forms on landscape connectivity of animal species…