Search results for "consumption"

Urban Energy Hubs Economic Optimization and Environmental Comparison in Italy and Vietnam

2018

This paper aims to perform the minimization of the yearly energy supply cost from the main electricity and natural gas grids related to an energy district, considering the installation of different equipments. The case study refers to energy consumption of a medium density urban district and involves the exploitation of different energy sources and devices (photovoltaic systems, electrical energy storage, heat pumps and cogenerators). The analysis of the district energy supply is accomplished through an energy hub model. After a cost analysis related to the considered energy systems, a MILP algorithm was used for the optimization of a cost function and the simulation of various scenarios. M…

Energy savings through integration of the illumination natural and artificial, using a system of automatic dimming:Case study

2013

The reduction of electrical energy consumption in buildings is a subject of great interest in the international scientific community. In buildings with a lot of available natural light, designed with large glazed surfaces, the artificial lighting system is often oversized and cannot be divided into segments to meet lighting demands during daylight hours. This article presents an experimental study, conducted in a university lecture hall that has a glazed surface covering the whole wall at one end, which provides a level of internal illumination that is only sufficient for the area next to the window itself, even when the outside lighting conditions are very bright. It is therefore necessary…

A Neural Network Model to Forecast Urban Electricity Consumptions from Weather Data

2004

Energy load Behaviours of Sicilian Hotel: methods for reducing the annual consumptions of bungalow hotels in the Mediterranean area

2005

Starting from the analysis of the energy consumption of some typical Sicilian hotels, it has been possible to assess their annual energy load behaviours, by source type. In addition, it has been also developed a simple model of the annual consumption, by kind of energy load. This approach allowed the comparison of true load-type energy consumption with typical load-type benchmark values (e.g. lighting consumption). In turn, this allows the singling out of feasible methods for the reductions of the energy consumption; the found solutions take into account three fundamental issues: energy, economy and environment. Analysed buildings are represented by typical hotels of the Mediterranean area;…

Prediction of driving performance of a hybrid vehicle with CVT transmission

2009

The purpose of this work is the description of the phenomenology of driving behaviour of a production car characterized by a hybrid powertrain and a continuously variable transmission (CVT), along with a theoretical study of consumption that provides results in agreement with the experimental ones obtained and reported by the Car Maker.

Study of the reliability of internal combustion engines by application of a Weibull model in bands

2009

The performance of 1,6 l four-valve Otto cycle engines is examined in this paper from the point of view of excessive consumption of lubricating oil. Three failure bands were recognized, at low, medium, and high distance traveled, each one obtained from a sample of 15 vehicles. A “Weibull model in bands” was applied; we obtained a satisfactory result from the point of view of reliability and applied the method to several types of motor vehicle. FMEA analysis of a sample permitted identification of the principal causes of unevenness in cylinder surfaces and an evaluation of the methods of machining required to correct this unevenness. Finishing of cylinders with a flexible smoothing tool is a…

On the sustainability evaluation in sheet metal forming processes

2011

In sheet metal forming processes there is still a lack of knowledge in the field of environmental sustainability mainly due to the need of a proper modeling of issues and factors to be taken into account. Such topic is, nowadays, a urgent and remarkable issue in manufacturing and the main concerns are related to more efficient use of materials and energy. What is more, the estimation of environmental burdens of forming technologies is very complex to be accomplished since it is essentially process-dependent. This means that when comparing, for instance, a traditional forming process with an innovative one, there are some peculiar aspects to be considered; actually, processes can be rather d…

Techno-economic analysis of integrated processes for the treatment and valorisation of neutral coal mine effluents

2020

Abstract The disposal of highly-concentrated neutral coal mine effluents into the environment constitutes a severe threat to the natural ecosystem. This work proposes and compares five novel treatment chains to purify the effluent and recover raw materials. The chains present different combinations of pre-treatment and concentration technologies. In all cases, the solution sent to the concentration step is concentrated up to saturation to recover water and sodium chloride. Concerning the technical performances, the treatment chains are compared in terms of total energy demand and salt recovery. Furthermore, the economic feasibility assessment is performed via a novel global parameter, i.e. …

Combined membrane and thermal desalination processes for the treatment of ion exchange resins spent brine

2019

Abstract The disposal of industrial wastewater effluents represents a critical environmental issue. This work focuses on the treatment of the spent brine produced by the regeneration of ion exchange resins employed for water softening. For the first time, a comprehensive techno-economic assessment and an analysis of the energy requirements of the treatment chain are carried out, via the simulation of ad hoc implemented models. The chain is composed of nanofiltration, double-stage crystallization and multi-effect distillation. The valuable product is the brine produced by the multi-effect distillation, which can be re-used for the regeneration. Therefore, the treatment chain’s economic feasi…

Towards the implementation of circular economy in the water softening industry: A technical, economic and environmental analysis

2020

Abstract To reduce the environmental impact of the industrial sectors, circular strategies should be implemented to purify the effluents and recover raw materials. In this context, a novel integrated methodological approach is proposed to identify the most suitable strategy to improve the sustainability of the water softening industry via the treatment and recycling of the produced wastewater. Different concentration technologies and energy supply systems are compared to find economically feasible and environmentally friendly treatment systems. The investigated chains present the same pre-treatment step (nanofiltration and crystallization) and different concentration technologies: Multi-Eff…