Search results for "consumption"
showing 10 items of 1796 documents
The gender gap in teenagers’ incomes. A 30-year trend in Finland 1983–2013
2015
ABSTRACTIn this article, we examine the gender differences in disposable incomes of teenagers during a 30-year period 1983–2013, using large nationally representative survey data. Since the gender pay gap in working life has been rather persistent in Finland and the EU, it was necessary to see whether the gap persists in teenagers’ incomes as well. Although teenagers do not receive much income from work, they adapt to the structures of society during their teenage years and learn gender roles in consumption, education, and working life. Our results reveal that the gender pay gap has been rather persistent in Finland, particularly among 14- and 16-year-old teenagers. It is only among 18-year…
BIOCHARS IN SOILS: TOWARDS THE REQUIRED LEVEL OF SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING
2017
The special issue on Biochar as an Option for Sustainable Resource Management Key priorities in biochar research for future guidance of sustainable policy development have been identified by expert assessment within the COST Action TD1107. The current level of scientific understanding (LOSU) regarding the consequences of biochar application to soil were explored. Five broad thematic areas of biochar research were addressed: soil biodiversity and ecotoxicology, soil organic matter and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil physical properties, nutrient cycles and crop production, and soil remediation. The highest future research priorities regarding biochar’s effects in soils were: functional …
Aspects and problems of changing economic utilization of the land in Italy and the corresponding soil consumption
2013
The study moves from the observation that, in the last fifty years (1961-2010) the territory of our country, like those of other countries with advanced economies, has undergone extensive economic processes of change in the use of land, mostly due to a strong reduction of Agricultural Area Use (AAU), whose consistency - on the basis of official statistics (National Statistics Institute) and, in particular, the results of the General Census of Agriculture - is estimated at around 7,8 million hectares, from 20, 7 million hectares in 1961 to 12,9 million in 2010. It should be noted in fact that the intensity of the processes of reduction of the UAA was much greater in the first three decades, …
Environmental analysis of different construction techniques and maintenance activities for a typical local road
2017
Abstract In this paper, considering the sever impact of road infrastructures on both the surrounding environment as well as on the consumption of locally available natural resources, different road construction techniques have been studied and compared, in order to be able to rank the best solution in terms of environmental sustainability. For the aims of this study, a Life Cycle Analysis has been carried out on a road infrastructure with the most representative geometrical characteristics among those widely used in Italy, in suburban areas, with the help of an appropriate software, the PaLATE. The environmental effects due to both the use of recycled materials, such as the Reclaimed Asphal…
A Comparison of Solar and Conventional Pavements Via Life Cycle Assessment
2023
The sustainable and green development of roads is lately receiving significant attention. As a multi-functional road capable of both accommodating traffic loads and generating clean energy, solar pavements exhibit a strategic opportunity for the future path of development in the road engineering. Although solar pavements have significant environmental benefits during their operation, they can lead to increased carbon emissions during the process of material preparation, construction, maintenance, etc. Therefore, it is essential to implement the framework of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to investigate their potential environmental impacts and/or benefits. Hence, this paper systematically anal…
Solidarity Purchase Groups and the new critical and ethical consumer trends: first results of a direct study in Sicily
2011
Recently in Italy, the evolution of food consumption occurs through the purchase of healthy and environmentally friendly foods. This trend is confirmed by the birth, in Italy of many solidarity purchase groups (called in Italy Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale or GAS),made up of individuals or families who choose to purchase products with a high ethical value. In this paper we try to identify socio-economic conditions and motivation of individual members of GAS, and for this purpose we developed over 205 questionnaires.
An empirical investigation of the effect of borrowing constraints on Spanish consumption
2003
This work analyses the relevance of borrowing constraints on the intertemporal behaviour of Spanish non-durable consumption. We estimate Euler equations with cohort data extracted from the "Encuesta Continua de Presupuestos Familiares" (ECPF) for the period 1985-1993. The results are robust to the use of different estimators to eliminate fixed individual effects, to different specifications of the model, to the effect of uncertainty and to the presence of habits in consumption. Our results allow us to conclude that non-durable consumption of a considerable fraction of the Spanish population is affected by borrowing constraints. At the same time, and in accordance with similar results for ot…
Routing Algorithm for Maximizing Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network for Broadcast Transmission
2018
In the article we discuss solutions of the maximum lifetime broadcasting problem in wireless sensor networks. Due to limited energy resources of the network nodes to find an optimal transmission route of the broadcasted data we minimize the maximum energy consumed by the nodes. We give an analytical solution of the problem in one dimensional regular sensor network for the point-to-point and point-to-multipoint data transmission scheme. We show that in such a network, when the cost of data transmission is a polynomial function of distance between transmitter and receiver, there exist solutions with an equal energy, i.e., all nodes of the network consume the same amount of energy. We assume t…
Estimation of alcohol consumption during >Fallas> festivity in the wastewater of Valencia city (Spain) using ethyl sulfate as a biomarker
2016
Alcohol consumption has been increasing in the last years and it has become a sociological problem due its derived health and safety problems. Ethyl sulfate is a secondary metabolite of the alcohol degradation that is excreted through the urine (0.010-0.016%) after alcohol ingestion and it is quite stable in water. In this study, a new methodology to determine ethyl sulfate by ion-pair liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. Different ion-pairs and additives were tested directly in the sample extracts or in the mobile phase. The best ion-pair was set up adding 0.5M of tributylamine and 0.1% of formic acid to the sample. The limit of quantification was 0.3μgL…
Old or new occupants of energy rehabilitated buildings. Two different approaches for hierarchizing group of buildings
2017
Abstract Public Administrations are frequently entitled to intervene in building stocks with energy rehabilitation actions. Unfortunately, the monetary budget at their disposal is generally limited and, consequently, a prioritization criterion is needed to optimize its allocation. The classification of the building energy performance is increasingly used by Public Administrations for this purpose. Here we argue that a proper prioritization criterion should depend upon the potential subjects to which the rehabilitated buildings are given back. If the energy rehabilitation is conducted on buildings that will be assigned to new dwellers, it would be preferable to use the energy class – which i…