Search results for "contamination"
showing 10 items of 916 documents
Adaptation of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium dimerum to the specific aquatic environment provided by the water systems of hospitals.
2015
SPE IPM MERS EA; International audience; Members of the Fusarium group were recently detected in water distribution systems of several hospitals in the world. An epidemiological investigation was conducted over 2 years in hospital buildings in Dijon and Nancy (France) and in non-hospital buildings in Dijon. The fungi were detected only within the water distribution systems of the hospital buildings and also, but at very low concentrations, in the urban water network of Nancy. All fungi were identified as Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) and Fusarium dimerum species complex (FDSC) by sequencing part of the translation elongation factor 1- alpha (TEF-1a) gene. Very low diversity was …
Fusarium species, chemotype characterisation and trichothecene contamination of durum and soft wheat in an area of central Italy
2015
BACKGROUND Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat is an important disease causing yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. The aim of the work was to detect and characterise trichothecene producing Fusarium species in durum and soft wheat cultivated in an area of central Italy in 2009 and 2010 and to determine trichothecene contamination by LC-MS/MS in the grain. RESULTS F. graminearum s. str. was the most frequent species. In 2009, the occurrence of F. avenaceum and F. poae was higher than in 2010. Among F. graminearum strains, the 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) chemotype could be found more frequently, followed by nivalenol (NIV) and 3-ADON chemotypes, while all F. culmorum isolates bel…
Fumonisin production in rice cultures of Fusarium verticillioides under different incubation conditions using an optimized analytical method.
2004
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) are the main members of a family of mycotoxins produced by various fungal species belonging to the Gibberella fujikuroi complex. The present work shows the results of a comparative study of various clean-up and derivatization procedures for analysis of fumonisins in rice cultures. Fumonisins were extracted from rice with acetonitrile/water (50/50, v/v). For clean-up, three solid-phase extraction procedures were assayed (C18 cartridge, SAX cartridge, and a combination of both). Two reagents (o-phthaldialdehyde and 4-fluoro-7-nitro-benzofurazan) were studied comparatively for formation of fluorescent derivatives. The separation was carried out by LC u…
In vivo toxicity studies of fusarium mycotoxins in the last decade: a review.
2015
This review summarizes the information regarding the in vivo studies of Fusarium mycotoxins in the last decade. The most common studies are classified as subacute toxicity, subchronic toxicity, acute toxicity, toxicokinetic studies and teratogenicity in order of importance. The most used animals in in vivo studies are pigs, rats, chickens and mice. Fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, nivalenol and T-2 toxin are the most studied fusarotoxins. Studies with combinations of mycotoxins are also frequent, deoxynivalenol generally being one of them. The predominant route of administration is oral, administered mostly in the form of naturally contaminated feed. Other administration routes al…
Presence of Fusarium emerging mycotoxins in tiger-nuts commercialized in Spain
2012
Abstract Tiger-nuts are tubers from the plant Cyperus esculentus which are commercialized in some regions of West and Central Africa, USA and Spain. These tubers have a high microbial charge such as bacteria, moulds and yeasts which could remain until the finished product. In this study we examined 47 samples of tiger-nut tubers purchased from Spanish supermarkets for contamination with the emerging Fusarium mycotoxins: Enniatins ENs (EN A, EN A1, EN B and EN B1), beauvericin (BEA) and fusaproliferin (FUS). The extraction of the samples was carried out with methanol using an Ultraturrax homogenizer. Mycotoxins were analyzed with a liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to a diode array detector…
Nuts and dried fruits: Natural occurrence of emerging Fusarium mycotoxins
2013
Abstract The occurrence of enniatins (ENs) and beauvericin (BEA) in nuts, dried fruits and dates available in Valencia (Spain) was surveyed in this study. To do this, seventy-four samples of nuts, dried fruits and dates were analyzed for the determination of mycotoxin contamination. Mycotoxins were identified and quantified using an ultrasonic-C18 extraction and LC–MS/MS with a triple quadrupole (QqQ) mass analyzer. The frequencies of contamination of nuts, shell, dried fruits and dates were 50%, 80%, 35.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Enniatin A (ENA) was the most predominant EN found in nuts (45.2%) while ENB was the most common EN found in dates (58.3%). The analytical results of the shell s…
Determination of Fusarium mycotoxins enniatins, beauvericin and fusaproliferin in cereals and derived products from Tunisia
2011
Abstract In this study, 51 samples of cereals (wheat, Barley, maize and Sorghum) and by-products (mainly pasta and couscous) purchased from Tunisian supermarkets were examined for contamination with the emerging Fusarium mycotoxins: Enniatins ENs (EN A, EN A 1 , EN B and EN B 1 ), beauvericin (BEA) and fusaproliferin (FUS). The extraction of the samples was performed with methanol using an Ultra-turrax homogenizer. Mycotoxins were analyzed with a liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to a diode array detector (DAD). The frequencies of contamination of total samples with ENs were 96%. EN A 1 was the most common EN found with the highest prevalence of 92.1%, levels ranged between 11.1 and 480 mg…
Challenges of Lactobacillus fermentation in combination with acoustic screening for deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol conjugates reduction in contami…
2022
Abstract This study was dedicated to apply biological treatment using Lactobacillus (LAB) fermentation separately or in combination with an acoustic screening method for the prevention of mycotoxins in Fusarium spp. contaminated wheat-based products. Wheat samples of different contamination were treated separately using antimicrobial LAB strains (L. casei, L. plantarum, L. paracasei, and L. uvarum) and the changes on the level of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its conjugates such as 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), and DON-3-β-D-glucoside (D3G)) were evaluated using UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS and UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS. Additionally, an acoustic device was used to analyse DON…
Further data on the occurrence of Fusarium emerging mycotoxins enniatins (A, A1, B, B1), fusaproliferin and beauvericin in raw cereals commercialized…
2011
Abstract In this study, 64 samples of raw cereals (wheat, maize and barley) purchased from local markets in Rabat–Sale area from Morocco were analyzed for the occurrence of six emerging mycotoxins: four enniatins ENs (ENA, ENA1, ENB and ENB1), beauvericin (BEA) and fusaproliferin (FUS). Samples were extracted with a mixture of water/acetonitrile (85/15, v/v) by using an Ultra-turrax homogenizer. Mycotoxins were then identified and quantified with a liquid chromatography (LC) with diode array detector (DAD). Positive samples were confirmed with an LC–MS/MS. Analytical results showed that the frequencies of contamination of total samples with ENs, BEA and FUS were 50, 26.5 and 7.8%, respectiv…
Mitigation of enniatins in edible fish tissues by thermal processes and identification of degradation products.
2017
Emerging mycotoxins, such as enniatins and beauvericin, are common contaminants in vegetal matrices, but recently, the occurrence of mycotoxins in foodstuffs from animal origin has been also reported as they can be present in edible tissues of animals fed with contaminated feedstuffs. Sea bass, sea bream, Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout from aquaculture analyzed in the present survey showed contamination by emerging Fusarium mycotoxins enniatins (ENs). ENs were extracted from raw and cooked fish with acetonitrile and analyzed by Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. In this study, the stability of ENs was evaluated during food processing by the application of different cooki…