Search results for "contamination"
showing 10 items of 916 documents
Effect of simulated CO2and GaAlAs laser surface decontamination on temperature changes in Ti-plasma sprayed dental implants
2002
Background and Objective To investigate and compare temperature elevations at the implant-bone interface during simulated implant surface decontamination with a CO2 and a GaAlAs laser. Study Design/Materials and Methods Stepped cylinder implants (Frialit 2® Friadent GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) with a Titanium plasma sprayed surface were inserted into bone blocks cut from pig femurs. An artificial periimplant bone defect provided access for laser irradiation in the coronal third. Both lasers were operated at 1.0–2.5 W in the cw-mode. The bone block was placed into a 37°C water bath in order to simulate in vivo thermal conductivity and diffusitivity of heat. K-type thermocouples connected to a d…
Modern Strategies in the Prevention of Implant-Associated Infections
2005
The application of medical devices either for temporary or permanent use has become an indispensible part of almost all fields of medicine. However, foreign bodies are associated with a substantial risk of bacterial and fungal infections. Implant-associated infections significantly contribute to the still increasing problem of nosocomial infections. To reduce the incidence of such infections, specific guidelines providing evidence-based recommendations and comprising both technological and nontechnological strategies for prevention have been established. Strict adherence to hygienic rules during insertion or implantation of the device are aspects of particular importance. Besides such basi…
A new resonant Laser-SNMS system for environmental ultra-trace analysis: Installation and optimization
2017
Abstract Localization, analysis and mobility of radioactive contaminated particles is of major concern for assessment of contamination threads and nuclear forensics. For this purpose, a new resonant Laser-SNMS system was developed and set up at the Institute for Radioecology and Radiation Protection for spatially resolved ultra-trace analysis of low concentrated radionuclides directly on environmental samples. This paper describes the adaption and combination of a dedicated Ti:sapphire laser system with a commercial TOF-SIMS instrument for resonant Laser-SNMS. The project includes computer simulations for optimization of the TOF analyzer. Results on synthetic uranium and technetium samples …
Influence of artificial blood contamination of the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid
1981
The influence of artificial blood contamination on the quantitative values obtained in the routine examination of the CSF was investigated. On the basis of dilution series from CSF and blood, the correlation between the number of added erythrocytes and the results of leukocyte counts, protein, glucose and IgG estimation was studied. In addition, the influence of the time between CSF sampling and investigation on erythrocytes and leukocytes, IgG, glucose, pH value and ammonia content in CSF contaminated with blood was investigated. The following data relevant to routine examinations resulted: there are linear correlations between the number of erythrocytes artificially added to the CSF and t…
Bacterial inactivation/sterilization by argon plasma treatment on contaminated titanium implant surfaces: in vitro study
2015
Background: Surface treatment by argon plasma is widely used as the last step of the manufacturing process of ti- tanium implant fixtures before their sterilization by gamma rays. The possibility of using such a technology in the daily clinical practice is particularly fascinating. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the argon plasma treatment on different titanium implant surfaces previously exposed in vitro to bacterial contamination. Material and Methods: Sterile c.p. titanium implant discs with turned (T, Sa: 0.8μm), sandblasted/acid-etched (SAE, Sa: 1.3μm) and titanium plasma sprayed (TPS, Sa: 3.0μm) surface were used in this study. A strain of Ag- gregatibacter a…
Epidemiology of foodborne Norovirus outbreaks in Catalonia, Spain
2008
Abstract Background Noroviruses are one of the principal biological agents associated with the consumption of contaminated food. The objective of this study was to analyse the size and epidemiological characteristics of foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Catalonia, a region in the northeast of Spain. Methods In all reported outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with food consumption, faecal samples of persons affected were analysed for bacteria and viruses and selectively for parasites. Study variables included the setting, the number of people exposed, age, sex, clinical signs and hospital admissions. The study was carried out from October 2004 to October 2005. Results Of the 181 …
Media-fill simulation tests in manual and robotic aseptic preparation of injection solutions in syringes
2014
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contamination rate of media-fill products either prepared automated with a robotic system (APOTECAchemo™) or prepared manually at cytotoxic workbenches in the same cleanroom environment and by experienced operators. Media fills were completed by microbiological environmental control in the critical zones and used to validate the cleaning and disinfection procedures of the robotic system. Methods The aseptic preparation of patient individual ready-to-use injection solutions was simulated by using double concentrated tryptic soy broth as growth medium, water for injection and plastic syringes as primary packaging materials. Media fills w…
Hepatitis A infections from food.
2020
Food contaminated by hepatitis A virus (HAV) is responsible of the 2–7% of all HAV outbreaks worldwide. This review provides a description of the HAV characteristics, its infectivity and epidemiological features. In addition, this review compiles existing original papers reporting HAV prevalence, viral titres in foodstuffs and the risk associated with food contamination. The purpose of this revision is to conduct a structured and systematic review of the published molecular procedures for HAV detection in food, including the assessment of its infectivity.
Inorganic Mercury Sequestration by a Poly(ethylene imine) Dendrimer in Aqueous Solution
2015
The interaction of the G-2 poly(ethylene imine) dendrimer L, derived from ammonia as initiating core, with Hg(II) and HgCl4 2− was studied in aqueous solution by means of potentiometric (pH-metric) measurements. Speciation of these complex systems showed that L is able to form a wide variety of complexes including 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 3:2 metal-to-ligand species, of different protonation states, as well as the anion complexes ((H7L)HgCl4) 5+ and ((H8L)HgCl4) 6+ . The stability of the metal complexes is very high, making L an excellent sequestering agent for Hg(II), over a large pH range, and a promising ligand for the preparation of functionalized activated carbons to be employed in the remedi…
Longitudinal metagenomics
2018
Culture-independent approaches are revolutionizing biology. Whether in a clinical or in an environmental sample, metagenomics can reveal which microorganisms exist and what they actually do. Metagenomic studies have unveiled more microbial diversity in a few years than traditional microbiology in centuries. From the top branches down to the roots, its discoveries are reshaping the tree of life dramatically. Metagenomics is a powerful tool for the study of microbial communities, but it requires equally powerful methods of analysis. Current challenges in the analysis of metagenomic data include the accurate comparison of samples, the estimation of the uncertainty in the results, and the effec…