Search results for "convergence"
showing 10 items of 655 documents
The Aqua-Planet Experiment (APE): Response to Changed Meridional SST Profile
2013
This paper explores the sensitivity of Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) simulations to changes in the meridional distribution of sea surface temperature (SST). The simulations are for an aqua-planet, a water covered Earth with no land, orography or sea- ice and with specified zonally symmetric SST. Simulations from 14 AGCMs developed for Numerical Weather Prediction and climate applications are compared. Four experiments are performed to study the sensitivity to the meridional SST profile. These profiles range from one in which the SST gradient continues to the equator to one which is flat approaching the equator, all with the same maximum SST at the equator. The zonal mean circ…
Quels sont les déterminants de la composition des conseils d'administration ? Le cas des entreprises belges, françaises et suisses
2008
International audience; Nous comparons la composition des conseils d'administration (CA) dans trois pays européens: la Belgique, la France, et la Suisse, sur la période 2001-2006. Nos analyses mettent en évidence l'influence de la structure de propriété des entreprises. sur la composition des CA, mais les évolutions constatées résultent également de l'application des codes de gouvernance.
Beta and sigma convergence: A Mathematical Relation of Causality
2005
This paper examines and compares in detail the concepts of β and σ-convergence. It provides a mathematical relation of causality between these two concepts, showing that a necessary condition for the existence of σ-convergence is the existence of β-convergence
A new look at global growth convergence and divergence
2014
A key question in economics is whether poor countries will automatically close the income gap with rich countries. However, different empirical methods yield different answers – growth regressions suggest convergence, whereas tests of distribution dynamics suggest divergence. This column discusses recent research that reconciles these two strands of the literature. It extends the benchmark growth regression model to include a parameter that determines the share of new technologies a country can adopt each year. The result is that, although each country converges to a growth path, the growth paths themselves may diverge
Towards an efficient meshfree solver
2016
In this paper we focus on the enhancement in accuracy approximating a function and its derivatives via smoothed particle hydrodynamics. We discuss about improvements in the solution by reformulating the original method by means of the Taylor series expansion and by projecting with the kernel function and its derivatives. The accuracy of a function and its derivatives, up to a fixed order, can be simultaneously improved by assuming them as unknowns of a linear system. The improved formulation has been assessed with gridded and scattered data points distribution and the convergence has been analyzed referring to a case study in a 2D domain.
Identification of critical curves. Part II. Discretization and numerical realization
1991
We consider the finite element approximation of the identification problem, where one wishes to identify a curve along which a given solution of the boundary value problem possesses some specific property. We prove the convergence of FE-approximation and give some results of numerical tests. peerReviewed
Clubs de convergence et effets de débordements géographiques : une analyse spatiale sur données régionales européennes, 1980-1995
2007
Our article offers an econometric model of spatial interactions for the empirical analysis of growth in European regions over the period 1980-1995. The model detects spatial spillover effects and makes it possible to take account of the European economy’s strong polarization. More specifically, by factoring in both spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity, we characterize the economic polarization pattern in European regions, identify convergence clubs, and model them as spatial regimes. We estimate a two-regime model with spatially autocorrelated errors and show that the convergence process differs between the two regimes. We find a strongly significant spatial spillover effect : …
Meandry kultury popularnej
2017
Popular literature has always been raising many different emotions and research issues. One of the research groups, represented by Piotr Kowalski, criticized popular literature thoroughly. A new wave of scientists emerged in the nineties. They tried out different research methods, criticizing popular literature (especially fantasy) much less than might be expected. This met with a huge degrees of scepticism from Kowalski who did not agree with those methods and tried to prove them wrong in his two last publications. This article presents Kowalski’s views, in the meantime trying to argue with them.
Estimation des effets de proximité dans le processus de convergence régionale : une approche par l'économétrie spatiale sur 92 régions européennes (1…
2002
L'objectif de cet article est d'examiner les conséquences de la dépendance spatiale sur la croissance régionale et le processus de convergence. Sur un échantillon de 92 régions européennes sur la période 1980-1995, nous montrons que le modèle de b-convergence absolue doit être re-spécifié en raison de la présence d'auto-corrélation spatiale. Les méthodes de l'économétrie spatiale nous orientent vers une spécification avec erreurs spatialement auto-corrélées qui nous permet de mettre en évidence un effet de débordement géographique. Nous montrons ainsi que le taux de croissance d'une région est influencé positivement par les taux de croissance des régions contiguës.
Defining as discursive practice in transition – Upper secondary students reinvent the formal definition of convergent sequences
2018
International audience; The investigation of limits is at the heart of analysis at university. Accordingly, it is a worthwhile topic for transition courses. The present study engages upper secondary students in reinventing the definition of convergent sequences. Using a commognitive framework, the central development stages of the definition from experiential to abstract are empirically investigated in terms of activated secondary school discourses. The students' familiarity with secondary school discourses is critical, as it allows them to transition from grasping processes with metaphors towards grasping them as formal and abstract objects. For this, school objects act as intermediate s…