Search results for "corpus"
showing 10 items of 698 documents
Toll-like receptor 2 is dispensable for acquired host immune resistance to Candida albicans in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis
2004
Previous work by our group showed that Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is essential for activation of innate immunity, playing a major role in the response of macrophages to Candida albicans, triggering cytokine and chemokine expression, and therefore TLR2 -/- mice are more susceptible to systemic primary candidiasis. In this work, we used a murine model of systemic C. albicans infection, in which resistance to reinfection with virulent wild-type cells is induced by prior exposure of mice to a low-virulence agerminative strain of C. albicans (primary sublethal infection), to study the influence of TLR2 gene deletion on (i) the ability to develop an acquired resistance upon vaccination; (ii) the…
Toll-like receptor-2 is essential in murine defenses against Candida albicans infections
2004
In this work, we studied the role of toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) in murine defenses against Candida albicans. TLR2-deficient mice experimentally infected intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intravenously (i.v.) in vivo had very significant impaired survival compared with that of control mice. In vitro production of TNF-alpha and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 (MIP-2) by macrophages from TLR2-/- mice in response to yeasts and hyphae of C. albicans were significantly lower (80% and 40%, respectively; P <0.05) than production by macrophages from wild-type mice. This impaired production of TNF-alpha and MIP-2 probably contributed to the 41% decreased recruitment of neutrophils to the peritoneal cavity…
Satb2 Regulates Callosal Projection Neuron Identity in the Developing Cerebral Cortex
2008
SummarySatb2 is a DNA-binding protein that regulates chromatin organization and gene expression. In the developing brain, Satb2 is expressed in cortical neurons that extend axons across the corpus callosum. To assess the role of Satb2 in neurons, we analyzed mice in which the Satb2 locus was disrupted by insertion of a LacZ gene. In mutant mice, β-galactosidase-labeled axons are absent from the corpus callosum and instead descend along the corticospinal tract. Satb2 mutant neurons acquire expression of Ctip2, a transcription factor that is necessary and sufficient for the extension of subcortical projections by cortical neurons. Conversely, ectopic expression of Satb2 in neural stem cells m…
Behind the institutional identity: shifting from we-clusters to I-clusters in diplomatic discourse
2011
As research on subjectivity has already shown (Bühler 1934; Mushin 2001), speakers do not just neutrally and mechanically describe states and affairs in the world sorting to objective and prefabricated linguistic formulations, but their personal identity sometimes crops up through a range of viewpoints. This paper is both a contribution to the literature on diplomatic discourse seen as the expression of the foreign policy of a country (Marshall 1990) and to the representation of political identities in specialized discourse (Fairclough 2003). The Diplomatic Corpus (DiCo), investigated in this study, comprises all the speeches delivered by the three British foreign ministers (Cook, Straw and…
La sémantique des termes de dégustation peut-elle être autre chose qu'une sémantique expérientielle et expérimentale ?
2018
International audience; [Objectifs et problématique] La question au centre du chapitre est celle de savoir quel(s) cadre(s) sémantique(s) théorique(s) est / sont le(s) mieux à même de rendre justice aux contraintes génériques qui pèsent sur les terminologies sensorielles – à commencer, ici, par la terminologie œnologique. Il s’agit en effet de tenir compte de deux aspects particuliers : d’une part la dimension expérientielle de ces termes (Dubois 2009) – où expérience doit être entendu au sens très concret de l’expérience de dégustation – et, d’autre part, la dimension éminemment subjective de ces expériences que la recherche d’une intersubjectivité partagée – comme sous-bassement définitoi…
Naming organic wines in French and German A Frame Semantics analysis
2019
International audience; [Context]Naming a product is giving it an identity (Lobin, 2016); when it comes to wines it is offering them, the possibility to be easily discriminated and to catch the clients’ attention. This contribution aims at analyzing the naming of organic wines in two countries: France and Germany. If naming generic wines has already been investigated especially from a lexical point of view (Herling, 2015), wine names from the organic wine industry have for the time being been left aside. In the meantime, previous studies based on authentic materials have underlined, since Lehrer, 1975, some specificities in the wine language like resorting to prototypes (Gautier & Bach, 201…
Different adhesins for type IV collagen on Candida albicans: identification of a lectin-like adhesin recognizing the 7S(IV) domain
2001
Adherence of the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans to basement membrane (BM) proteins is considered a crucial step in the development of candidiasis. In this study the interactions of C. albicans yeast cells with the three main domains of type IV collagen, a major BM glycoprotein, were analysed. C. albicans adhered to the three immobilized domains by different mechanisms. Adhesion to the N-terminal cross-linking domain (7S) required the presence of divalent cations, whereas interaction with the central collagenous domain (CC) was cation-independent. Recognition of the C-terminal non-collagenous domain (NC1) was partially cation-dependent. Binding inhibition assays with the correspondi…
Complex Electromagnetic Fields Reduce Candida albicans Planktonic Growth and Its Adhesion to Titanium Surfaces
2021
This study evaluates the effects of different programs of complex electromagnetic fields (C.M.F.s) on Candida albicans, in planktonic and sessile phase and on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF cells). In vitro cultures of C. albicans ATCC 10231 and HGF cells were exposed to different cycles of C.M.F.s defined as: oxidative stress, oxidative stress/antibacterial, antibacterial, antibacterial/oxidative stress. Colony forming units (CFUs), metabolic activity, cells viability (live/dead), cell morphology, filamentation analysis, and cytotoxicity assay were performed. The broth cultures, exposed to the different C.M.F.s, were grown on titanium discs for 48 h. The quantity comparisons of adhered C.…
Twitter comme « corpus » en sciences du langage : questions méthodologiques et pistes de recherche
2017
Doctoral; L’avènement des corpus et des travaux sur corpus en sciences du langage ont amené la discipline à décrire des ressources sans cesse diversifiées, qu’il s’agisse de corpus de référence ou ad hoc. Les formes de communication médiées par ordinateur (computer-mediated communication) n’échappent pas cette tendance et ce d’autant plus qu’il s’agit de données numériques natives. Parmi les différents types recensés à ce jour, cette communication s’intéressera spécifiquement à Twitter et à ses potentialités pour la recherche linguistique.A partir d’un corpus compilé à la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme de Dijon – mais aussi des autres initiatives documentées sur la plateforme Ortolang – il …
Part of Speech Tagging Using Hidden Markov Models
2020
Abstract In this paper, we present a wide range of models based on less adaptive and adaptive approaches for a PoS tagging system. These parameters for the adaptive approach are based on the n-gram of the Hidden Markov Model, evaluated for bigram and trigram, and based on three different types of decoding method, in this case forward, backward, and bidirectional. We used the Brown Corpus for the training and the testing phase. The bidirectional trigram model almost reaches state of the art accuracy but is disadvantaged by the decoding speed time while the backward trigram reaches almost the same results with a way better decoding speed time. By these results, we can conclude that the decodi…