Search results for "cosmología"
showing 10 items of 89 documents
REM near-IR and optical multiband observations of PKS 2155-304 in 2005
2007
Spectral variability is the main tool for constraining emission models of BL Lac objects. By means of systematic observations of the BL Lac prototype PKS 2155-304 in the infrared-optical band, we explore variability on the scales of months, days and hours. We made our observations with the robotic 60 cm telescope REM located at La Silla, Chile. VRIJHK filters were used. PKS 2155-304 was observed from May to December 2005. The wavelength interval explored, the total number of photometric points and the short integration time render our photometry substantially superior to previous ones for this source. On the basis of the intensity and colour we distinguish three different states of the sour…
Noncanonical approaches to inflation
2019
El paradigma inflacionario provee al Modelo Cosmológico Estándar de un mecanismo que fácilmente resuelve los problemas del horizonte y la planicie y, al mismo tiempo, produce las semillas primordiales que se dieron lugar a las estructuras que hoy vemos en el cielo. Independientemente de la naturaleza precisa del mecanismo, la inflación cosmológica consiste en una etapa de aceleración durante el universo primitivo que sucedió momentos después del big bang. En esta Tesis, cubrimos aproximaciones fenomenológicas y teóricas sobre el estudio de la inflación: desde parametrizaciones independientes de modelos a modificaciones de las leyes de gravedad. Está dividida en cuatro partes. La primera, co…
Relativistic Hydrodynamics and Spectral Evolution of GRB Jets
2017
En la presente tesis hemos estudiado los sistemas progenitores de las erupciones de rayos gamma (ERG, o GRBs por sus siglas en inglés --Gamma-Ray Bursts--) de larga duración mediante modelos numéricos de su evolución dinámica y emisión electromagnética. De todas las posibles clases de eventos, en particular nos centramos en aquellas que muestran una componente prominente de emisión térmica, la cual podría generarse por medio de la interacción de un chorro constituido por plasma relativista con el medio en el que se propaga. La parte central de esta tesis se ha dedicado al modelado de ERG a partir de dos clases diferentes de progenitores: ERG ultra largas dominadas en su espectro de emisión …
INTEGRAL long-term monitoring of the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient XTE J1739-302
2008
In the past few years, a new class of High Mass X-Ray Binaries (HMXRB) has been claimed to exist, the Supergiant Fast X-ray Transients (SFXT). These are X-ray binary systems with a compact companion orbiting a supergiant star which show very short and bright outbursts in a series of activity periods overimposed on longer quiescent periods. Only very recently the first attempts to model the behaviour of these sources have been published, some of them within the framework of accretion from clumpy stellar winds.Our goal is to analyze the properties of XTE J1739-302/IGR J17391-3021 within the context of the clumpy structure of the supergiant wind. We have used INTEGRAL and RXTE/PCA observations…
IBIS: The Imager on-board INTEGRAL
2003
The IBIS telescope is the high angular resolution gamma-ray imager on-board the INTEGRAL Observatory, successfully launched from Baikonur (Kazakhstan) the 17th of October 2002. This medium size ESA project, planned for a 2 year mission with possible extension to 5, is devoted to the observation of the gamma-ray sky in the energy range from 3 keV to 10 MeV (Winkler 2001). The IBIS imaging system is based on two independent solid state detector arrays optimised for low ( 15-1000 keV) and high ( 0.175-10.0 MeV) energies surrounded by an active VETO System. This high efficiency shield is essential to minimise the background induced by high energy particles in the highly excentric out of van All…
The Be/X-ray transient 4U0115+63/V635 Cassiopeiae : II. Outburst mechanisms
2001
We present multi-wavelength long-term monitoring observations of V635 Cas, the optical counterpart to the transient X-ray pulsar 4U0115+63. The evolution of emission lines and photometric magnitudes indicates that the Be star undergoes relatively fast ( ~3 - 5yr) quasi-cyclic activity, losing and reforming its circumstellar disc. We show that the general optical, infrared and X-ray behaviour can be explained by the dynamical evolution of the viscous circumstellar disc around the Be star. After each disc-loss episode, the disc starts reforming and grows until it reaches the radius at which the resonant interaction of the neutron star truncates it. At some point, the disc becomes unstable to …
3D simulations of wind-jet interaction in massive X-ray binaries
2010
High-mass microquasars may produce jets that will strongly interact with surrounding stellar winds on binary system spatial scales. We study the dynamics of the collision between a mildly relativistic hydrodynamical jet of supersonic nature and the wind of an OB star. We performed numerical 3D simulations of jets that cross the stellar wind with the code Ratpenat. The jet head generates a strong shock in the wind, and strong recollimation shocks occur due to the initial overpressure of the jet with its environment. These shocks can accelerate particles up to TeV energies and produce gamma-rays. The recollimation shock also strengthens jet asymmetric Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities produced i…
Shedding light on dark matter through 21 cm cosmology and reionization constraints
2021
Durante las últimas décadas, nuestra comprensión del universo ha alcanzado un nivel remarcable, pudiendo probar predicciones cosmológicas con una precisión asombrosa. Las observaciones de los fotones del Fondo Cósmico de Microondas, junto con los estudios de catálogos galaxias, nos proporcionan una comprensión profunda de la geometría, los componentes y la cronología del cosmos. No obstante, la naturaleza de la Materia Oscura aún se desconoce. La composición, masa e interacciones de las partículas de Materia Oscura presentan uno de los enigmas más intrigantes de la cosmología actual. En esta tesis doctoral se estudian diferentes candidatos a Materia Oscura que pueden dejar un impacto en el …
Galaxias virtuales en simulaciones cosmológicas: morfología, dinámica y evolución
2023
“GALAXIAS VIRTUALES EN SIMULACIONES COSMOLÓGICAS: Morfología, Dinámica y Evolución” El trabajo llevado a cabo en la presente Tesis se enmarca dentro del campo de la Cosmología Numérica y se centra en el estudio de las características, evolución y diferenciación de galaxias obtenidas a partir de simulaciones cosmológicas. La cosmología numérica es el único laboratorio que nos permite formar galaxias con distintos “ingredientes cosmológicos” y estudiar su evolución distinguiendo cuáles son los procesos físicos más relevantes en su formación. La ventaja de las simulaciones cosmológicas es que ofrecen la posibilidad de controlar y monitorizar en todo momento la evolución del sistema simulado. L…
Cosmological Implications of some Nonstandard Particle Physics Models
2012
The standard cosmological model has been very successful in describing the evolution of the Universe from the first seconds until today. However, some challenges still remain concerning the nature of some of its components as well as observationally probing some of the periods of its expansion. In this thesis we discuss what are probably the three least known components of the Universe: neutrinos, dark matter, and dark energy. In particular, concerning the neutrino sector, we place limits on the relic neutrino asymmetries using some of the latest cosmological data, taking into account the effect of flavor oscillations. We find that the present bounds are still dominated by the limits coming…