Search results for "cost"
showing 10 items of 5421 documents
Performance evaluation of CHCP hybrid seawater desalination plants
2007
There are many ways to improve efficiency and reduce fresh water cost in desalination plants, like the integration of two or more desalination systems into a hybrid mechanical/thermal lay-out. Most common results that could be achieved by hybrid systems are savings in pretreatments, overall cost reduction and significant primary energy savings, especially when cogeneration unit are concerned. In this paper a small size (2000 m 3 /day) thermal desalination system (MEE) is coupled with a single-stage seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) system; the system is fed by a natural gas (NG) reciprocate engine, where heat is recovered both from exhaust gases and from the cooling jacket water circuit. Tech…
Cost modelling for wastewater treatment processes
2011
Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a methodology for a better understanding of the cost structure of wastewater treatment processes. This methodology may be useful in the planning of new facilities. The existing models in the literature are focused on the influence of the capacity of plant, expressed as inhabitants or flow rate, on the cost of treatment. We propose a new approach for the operating cost function that includes the most representative variables in the process. The idea is that the modelling of treatment costs enables us to understand the key role of the economies of scale in this context; and also the influence of other variables such as contaminants removed, or the …
Influence of raw data analysis for the use of neural networks for win farms productivity prediction
2011
In the last decade wind energy had a strong growth because of cost effectiveness of the technology and the high remunerative of investments.
Stationary battery systems in the main world markets: Part 1: Overview of the state-of-the-art
2017
The role of energy storage systems (ESSs) is becoming more and more important in modern power grids, mainly because of the higher penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs), such as solar and wind power, spurred by advantageous support policies carried out in several countries. The fluctuation nature of the energy produced by RESs is indeed leading to emerging power quality issues or to renewable curtailments. ESSs can be used to balance generation and demand of electricity over time, allowing a higher penetration of RESs into the power network. The energy storage industry is evolving rapidly, and new electrochemical technologies are entering the market. Besides, most elect…
Techno-economic sizing of off-grid hybrid renewable energy system for rural electrification in Sri Lanka
2015
Abstract Off-grid hybrid renewable-energy-based power systems for rural electrification have become an attractive solution for areas where grid electricity is not feasible. Hybrid energy systems use several energy technologies, and the selection of proper technologies with optimum sizing of the selected components has become very important. The objective of this study has been to investigate the optimum configuration of a hybrid system that can supply electricity to a rural community in Sri Lanka. A rural village in Siyambalanduwa (Sri Lanka) comprising approximately 150 households with a resultant daily electricity demand of 270 kWh and a nighttime peak of 25 kW has been studied. This regi…
Assessment of the technical and economic potential of offshore wind energy via a GIS application: A case study for the Sicily Region according to Ita…
2015
This paper presents a technical and economic analysis of the possible exploitation of offshore wind resources using spatial analysis methods based on GIS tools. The study assessed the magnitude and distribution of the main constraints on installation of wind farms by taking into account the relevant technical factors and local laws on nature protection issues in a specific area, i.e., Sicily. Specific cost functions were defined for several components of the total cost of construction and maintenance of a wind farm. Several scenarios were implemented according to wind turbine size, hub height, total wind farm power, and distance from the coast, and the levelised production cost was assessed…
Numerical prediction of the shear response of semi-prefabricated steel-concrete trussed beams
2016
Abstract In this study, the shear behavior of hybrid steel-trussed-concrete beams (HSTCBs) realized with prefabricated steel trusses embedded into a concrete core cast in situ, is investigated by means of Finite Element (FE) numerical simulations. HSTCBs do not behave as classical RC elements nor composite beams. Up to now, there are not specific design criteria in the building codes and the calculation of this type of beams is conducted by means of design-by-testing procedures. The knowledge of the material behavior as well as the understanding of the interaction between materials in contact is the first requirement for the definition of proper design procedures and calculation methods for…
Error and Uncertainty Analysis of Non-Uniform Residual Stress Evaluation by Using the Ring-Core Method
2016
Like other mechanical methods used for the residual stress evaluation on a generic structural component, the Ring-Core Method (RCM) is potentially subjected to various error sources that in some particular experimental conditions can lead to significant errors and/or uncertainties on the computed residual stresses. The accuracy of the residual stresses computed by the RCM can be improved by a proper error analysis that allows the user to correct the systematic errors, as well as to evaluate the remaining stress uncertainty due to the random errors. Therefore, in order to give a contribution to the accuracy of the RCM, in the present work the list of the main error sources is presented and t…
RESPONSE OF POSIDONIA OCEANICA TO WAVE MOTION IN SHALLOW-WATERS - PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
2011
Aim of the present work is to contribute to the knowledge about the interaction between the flow induced by wave and the aquatic vegetation. More in details the results of preliminary tests of an experimental laboratory investigation about the response of a Posidonia Oceanica meadow to wave motion in shallow waters is reported. A wide attention was posed to the behavior of a synthetic plants with plastic material. To this aim an image acquisition technique was used to analyze and compare the movement of both the artificial plant and the real one. The experiments carried out about the interaction between the artificial meadow and the waves showed a significant wave dumping, in particular in …
Durability evaluations on the bridge over the Ruwais lagoon at Jeddah
2008
The bridge over the Ruwais Lagoon at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, has been built in the first half of 80s within a large-scale program project concerning the "corniche", a seafront boulevard running more than 30 Km from its northern to its southern end.