Search results for "cost"

An economic, perception and biophysical approach to the use of oat straw as mulch in Mediterranean rainfed agriculture land

2017

[EN] Soil erosion is a key cause of land degradation in agriculture lands; and it is a worldwide threat that must be solved by means of nature-based strategies to be able to achieve sustainability. The use of mulches can be a solution, but there is a lack of information on long-term effects of the use of straw. Furthermore, little is known about the perception of farmers and the economic cost on the implantation of straw as a conservation measure. Eight paired plots were selected in Sierra de Enguera on an agriculture field to determine the effect of straw cover on soil erosion. Four plots were tilled three times per year (Control) and four plots were not ploughed and 0.125 kg m(-2) y(-1) o…

Stormwater infiltration trenches: a conceptual modelling approach.

2009

In recent years, limitations linked to traditional urban drainage schemes have been pointed out and new approaches are developing introducing more natural methods for retaining and/or disposing of stormwater. These mitigation measures are generally called Best Management Practices or Sustainable Urban Drainage System and they include practices such as infiltration and storage tanks in order to reduce the peak flow and retain part of the polluting components. The introduction of such practices in urban drainage systems entails an upgrade of existing modelling frameworks in order to evaluate their efficiency in mitigating the impact of urban drainage systems on receiving water bodies. While s…

Implications of terrain resolution on modeling rainfall-triggered landslides using a TIN- based model

2021

Abstract This study employs a distributed eco-hydrological-landslide model, the tRIBS-VEGGIE-Landslide, to evaluate the influence of terrain resolution on the hydro-geomorphological processes involved in slope stability analysis. The model implements a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) to describe the topography starting from a grid-DEM. Five grid-DEM resolutions of the case study basin, i.e., 10, 20, 30 and 70 m, are used to derive the corresponding TINs. The results show that using irregular meshes reduces the loss of accuracy with coarser resolutions in the derived slope distribution in comparison to slope distributions estimated from the original grid-based DEM. From a hydrological p…

Uncertainty in urban flood damage assessment due to urban drainage modelling and depth-damage curve estimation

2010

Due to the increased occurrence of flooding events in urban areas, many procedures for flood damage quantification have been defined in recent decades. The lack of large databases in most cases is overcome by combining the output of urban drainage models and damage curves linking flooding to expected damage. The application of advanced hydraulic models as diagnostic, design and decision-making support tools has become a standard practice in hydraulic research and application. Flooding damage functions are usually evaluated by a priori estimation of potential damage (based on the value of exposed goods) or by interpolating real damage data (recorded during historical flooding events). Hydrau…

Willingness of Student to Favour the Protection of Endangered Species in a Trade-off Conflict in Finland

1994

Abstract This paper explores the willingness of Finnish students to favour protection of endangered species in a hypothetical trade-off conflict, where conservation would cause an increase in the household energy cost. The most striking result was the very distinct preference of species which the students felt worth protecting. The students favoured species which are well known, taxonomically close to man and actually endangered. Major differences occurred among students due to sex, educational institute, nature-related activity groups, as well as knowledge of nature and conservation issues.

The use of hydrogen in residential sector: Economic aspects and environmental benefits

2005

The role of hydrological processes on enhanced weathering for carbon sequestration in soils in tropical areas

2021

<p>To mitigate global warming, a noticeable research effort is being devoted to NCS (Natural Climate Solutions) as means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or sequester carbon within the oceans or terrestrial environments by exploiting natural processes. Enhanced weathering<strong> </strong>is a NCS that aims to increase the weathering reaction rates of silicate minerals, by amending soils with crushed reactive minerals. Various studies have shown that this technique is favored by hot and humid climates (i.e., tropical ecosystems), since weathering reactions are mostly effective under high temperature and soil moisture. Despite olivine dissolution d…

The economic cost and health burden of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the EU5 countries

2020

Restraining approach for the spurious kinematic modes in hybrid equilibrium element

2013

The present paper proposes a rigorous approach for the elimination of spurious kinematic modes in hybrid equilibrium elements, for three well known mesh patches. The approach is based on the identification of the dependent equations in the set of inter-element and boundary equilibrium equations of the sides involved in the spurious kinematic mode. Then the kinematic variables related to the dependent equations are reciprocally constrained and, by application of master slave elimination method, the set of inter-element equilibrium equations is reduced to full rank. The elastic solutions produced by means of the proposed approach verify the homogeneous, the inter-element and the boundary equi…

La gobernanza compartida y la razonabilidad como aportaciones éticas a la política sanitaria

2013

La salud es uno de los derechos humanos fundamentales. Reconocerla como tal conlleva la obligación estatal de garantizar un mínimo de oportunidades para mantenerla o recuperarla cuando se pierde. Ese mínimo puede quedar sin cubrir en épocas de crisis económica, como la que estamos viviendo. La medicina gestionada (managed care) centrada en lo económico surgió tras la crisis de 1973, con el objetivo de condicionar las decisiones clínicas por factores económicos. En la práctica, la medicina gestionada convirtió el control de los costes económicos en un fin en sí mismo olvidando la equidad, por lo que ha sido cuestionada éticamente. Desde entonces, muchos autores han afrontado la tarea de comp…