Search results for "cost"
showing 10 items of 5421 documents
Budesonide in previously untreated autoimmune hepatitis
2005
Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease that is effectively treated with immunosuppressive therapy. Predniso(lo)ne, often in combination with azathioprine, is the basic therapeutic option to induce remission. However, this regimen can cause numerous side effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate budesonide as a treatment option in the induction of remission in patients with previously untreated AIH. Methods: Between October 1998 and August 1999, 12 patients were treated with 3 mg budesonide thrice daily for 3 months in this open one-arm multicenter phase IIa study. Primary end point was induction of remission indicated by a drop of aspartate aminotransf…
Regular versus as-needed budesonide and formoterol combination treatment for moderate asthma: A non-inferiority, randomised, double-blind clinical tr…
2015
Summary Background Treatment guidelines for patients with moderate persistent asthma recommend regular therapy with a combination of an inhaled corticosteroid and a longacting β 2 agonist plus as-needed rapid-acting bronchodilators. We investigated whether symptom-driven budesonide and formoterol combination therapy administered as needed would be as effective as regular treatment with this combination plus as-needed symptom-driven terbutaline for patients with moderate asthma. Methods In this non-inferiority randomised clinical trial, we recruited adult patients (18–65 years of age) with stable moderate persistent asthma, according to 2006 Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Patients …
Low-dose budesonide treatment for prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohnʼs disease
1999
Summary and ConclusionAlthough the effect of budesonide was altogether positive in almost all variables studied in this train (e.g. endoscopic and histopathological score, time-to-failure, CDAI, patients' global judgement and rate of side effects), this increase in efficacy was small and the power f
Safety Considerations of Inhaled Corticosteroids in the Elderly
2014
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are widely used in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. However, high-dose regimens and long-term use of ICSs have the potential to cause a variety of local and systemic side effects such as candidiasis, cataracts, glaucoma, and osteoporosis. The use of ICSs can also be associated with the risk of bone fractures, diabetes mellitus and pneumonia. These ICS-related side effects are of particular importance in elderly patients due to the presence of comorbidities and age-related behavioral, cognitive, and psychological problems, which can all interact with inhaled treatment. We reviewed the available literature on the clinically …
L’autonomia di spesa delle Regioni fra Stato ed Unione europea dalla l. cost. 3/2001 alle condizionalità europee sulla ripresa e la resilienza
2021
L'articolo ricostruisce la tendenza all’accentramento nel governo delle finanze pubbliche e l’eccessiva distanza fra testo costituzionale e diritto costituzionale vivente per analizzare l'attuazione del Recovery Plan (PNRR) rilevando un ulteriore tendenza all’accentramento del governo della spesa. Si indagano dunque le ragioni della compressione dell’autonomia finanziaria di spesa per effetto del principio di indifferenza e del “doppio intreccio federale”. Si mira a inquadrare il tema alla luce della leale collaborazione e dellala resilienza istituzionale per accorciare la “distanza” fra testo costituzionale ed attuazione costituzionale in tema di autonomia di spesa delle Regioni. Si prospe…
Cancer screening and health system resilience: Keys to protecting and bolstering preventive services during a financial crisis
2012
The aim of this paper is to elucidate the rationale for sustaining and expanding cost-effective, population-based screening services for breast, cervical and colorectal cancers in the context of the current financial crisis. Our objective is not only to promote optimal delivery of high-quality secondary cancer prevention services, but also to underline the importance of strengthening comprehensive cancer control, and with it, health system response to the complex care challenges posed by all chronic diseases. We focus primarily on issues surrounding planning, organisation, implementation and resources, arguing that given the growing cancer burden, policymakers have ample justification for e…
Impact of orphan drugs on Latvian budget
2016
Background Number of orphan medicinal products on the market and number of rare disease patients, taking these usually expensive products, are increasing. As a result, budget impact of orphan drugs is growing. This factor, along with the cost-effectiveness of orphan drugs, is often considered in the reimbursement decisions, directly affecting accessibility of rare disease therapies. The current study aims to assess the budget impact of orphan drugs in Latvia. Methods Our study covered a 5-year period, from 2010 to 2014. Impact of orphan drugs on Latvian budget was estimated from the National Health Service’s perspective. It was calculated in absolute values and relative to total pharmaceuti…
Spatial analysis techniques for mapping the annual surface runoff in Sicily under the Budyko’s framework
2016
This work shows a new approach, based on the Budyko framework, for mapping the mean annual surface runoff and deriving the probability distribution of the annual runoff in arid and semi-arid watersheds. We analytically provide the annual runoff distribution as the derived distribution of annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration. The simulated long-term annual runoff and its distribution have been compared with historical records at several gauged stations, obtaining satisfactory matching.
Novel fuzzy-based optimization approaches for the prediction of ultimate axial load of circular concrete-filled steel tubes
2021
An accurate estimation of the axial compression capacity of the concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) column is crucial for ensuring the safety of structures containing them and preventing related failures. In this article, two novel hybrid fuzzy systems (FS) were used to create a new framework for estimating the axial compression capacity of circular CCFST columns. In the hybrid models, differential evolution (DE) and firefly algorithm (FFA) techniques are employed in order to obtain the optimal membership functions of the base FS model. To train the models with the new hybrid techniques, i.e., FS-DE and FS-FFA, a substantial library of 410 experimental tests was compiled from openly availa…
MANUTENZIONE DELL’AMBIENTE COSTRUITO: QUANTO RESTA DELLA NOTTE?
2021
Confrontando la manutenzione dell’ambiente costruito con la stessa attività riferita, in genere, ai prodotti manifatturieri, importanti caratteristiche specifiche emergono, sia nelle tecnologie di processo che di prodotto. Infatti, per le costruzioni lo stretto legame tra manutenzione e qualità acquisisce, in più, notevoli implicazioni di ordine sociale e collettivo, sia se applicata a edifici e spazi pubblici, sia se riferita all’edilizia residenziale privata. Nonostante ciò, tenendo conto della tendenza al “constructuring” che sembra indirizzare il futuro dell’edilizia sotto gli influssi della digitalizzazione, è ugualmente utile tener presente gli avanzamenti nel campo della manutenzione…