Search results for "cost"
showing 10 items of 5421 documents
Refined equivalent single layer formulations and finite elements for smart laminates free vibrations
2014
A family of 2D refined equivalent single layer models for multilayered and functionally graded smart magneto-electro-elastic plates is presented. They are based on variable kinematics and quasi-static behavior for the electromagnetic fields. First, the electromagnetic state of the plate is determined by solving the strong form of the electromagnetic governing equations coupled with the corresponding interface continuity conditions and external boundary conditions. The electromagnetic state is then condensed into the plate kinematics, whose governing equations can be written using the generalized principle of virtual displacements. The procedure identifies an effective elastic plate kinemati…
Prediction of the out-of-plane response of infilled frames under seismic loads by a new fiber-section macro-model
2016
This chapter suggests that an extension of the capability of the traditional inplane macro-models to capture the simultaneous in-plane and Out-Of-Plane (OOP) response of infills. A new simplified macro-model for the assessment of both in plane and out-of-plane responses of infilled frames was developed and validated. The possibility to simulate the arching action is achieved by using distributed plasticity fiber-section elements, able to directly account for the coupling between axial load and bending moment. The arching action is explicitly introduced by the use of fiber-section beam-column elements, which can model the coupling between axial-load and bending moment. The model presented is…
A fast BEM for the analysis of damaged structures with bonded piezoelectric sensors
2010
A fast boundary element method for the analysis of three-dimensional solids with cracks and adhesively bonded piezoelectric patches, used as strain sensors, is presented. The piezoelectric sensors, as well as the adhesive layer, are modeled using a 3D state-space finite element approach. The piezoelectric patch model is formulated taking into account the full electro-mechanical coupling and embodying the suitable boundary conditions and it is eventually expressed in terms of the interface variables, to allow a straightforward coupling with the underlying host structure, which is modeled through a 3D dual boundary element method, for accurate analysis of cracks. The technique is computationa…
Variable kinematics models and finite elements for nonlinear analysis of multilayered smart plates
2015
Abstract A variable kinematics approach for moderately large deflection analysis of smart magneto-electro-elastic multilayered plates is presented. The approach is based on the condensation of the electro-magnetic state into the plate kinematics, whose nonlinear strain–displacement relationships are expressed in the von Karman sense. This leads to models resulting in an effective mechanical plate, which takes the multifield coupling effects into account by the plate stiffness, inertia and loading characteristics, consistently defined as combinations of the layers material properties. By a unified approach, both equivalent single layer and layerwise models are developed formulating the assoc…
An equivalent single-layer approach for free vibrations analysis of smart laminated thick composite plates
2012
An equivalent single-layer model for the free vibration analysis of smart laminated plates is presented. The electric and magnetic fields are assumed to be quasi-static and third-order in-plane kinematics is employed to adequately take the shear influence into account when the plate thickness increases. The model governing equations are the plate equations of motion written in terms of mechanical primary variables and effective stiffness coefficients, which take the multifield coupling effects into account. The model shows that the surfaces magneto-electric boundary conditions enter the definitions of the laminate forces and moments resultants. Moreover, it reveals that new stiffness terms,…
Autonomie e controlli della Corte dei conti nel quadro dei principi costituzionali e dei vincoli sovranazionali in materia economico-finanziaria
2022
Una riflessione dei controlli sulle autonomie territoriali intestati alla Corte dei conti non può prescindere dal loro inquadramento costituzionale. L’A. prospetta una ricostruzione del controllo come espressione di una funzione neutra e imparziale che deve riposare su precisi parametri costituzionali che ne legittimano l’adozione e di cui va resa una stretta interpretazione: il controllo sulle Autonomie territoriali deve così essere necessariamente una attività tale da avvicinarla a quella giurisdizionale piuttosto che amministrativa. È in tale chiave che deve essere inteso il rapporto fra ausiliarietà di cui all’art. 100 Cost. e controlli sui bilanci ed i rendiconti. L’evoluzione del quad…
A Numerical Study to Predict the Mechanical Response of FRCM Composites
2022
Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) materials are increasingly common for strengthening existing masonry structures. Their popularity is due to their many advantages with respect to resin-based composites, especially when applied to stone supports. The constitutive behaviour of FRCM materials is defined by the combination of their tensile response and the bond behaviour with the masonry support, both depending on complex stress transfer mechanisms between matrix and fabric, especially in the post-cracking stage. This paper presents a numerical study which aims to predict the mechanical behaviour of FRCM systems through simple 2D models of truss elements and non-linear springs to si…
Moment-Axial Domain of Corroded R.C. Columns
2018
In the present paper, a simplified model to determine the moment-axial force domain of the cross-section of reinforced concrete columns subjected to corrosion process is presented. The model considers members with square and rectangular cross-sections and it accounts for cover spalling, buckling of longitudinal reinforcing bars, loss of bond of bar in tension, reduction of confinement pressures (due to the reduction of the area of stirrups and cracking of concrete induced by rust formation). The analytical expressions for prediction of the area reduction of steel, bond strength and critical load of longitudinal bars utilized were verified against experimental data available literature.
Crociere e lunette in Sicilia e in Italia meridionale nel XVI secolo. Dalla costruzione gotica all'affermazione di un modello peninsulare
2016
Se gli studi di storia dell’architettura privilegiano spesso le “avanguardie” e i casi eccezionali, in alcuni contesti aspetti altrettanto importanti per le valutazioni storiografiche emergono da una riflessione su continuità, ripetizioni, serialità. Le ragioni della persistenza o della riproposizione di certe soluzioni non sono infatti sempre le più ovvie o possono risultare meritevoli di ulteriori valutazioni sul peso di alcune componenti piuttosto che di altre. Un ripensamento dei parametri di lettura e del contesto di riferimento può svelare l’infondatezza di alcuni presunti anacronismi; mentre dietro la ripetizione apparentemente inerte si celano non di rado, a un’osservazione più appr…
Medico-legal implications of sleep apnoea syndrome: driving license regulations in Europe.
2008
Background: Sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS), one of the main medical causes of excessive daytime sleepiness, has been shown to be a risk factor for traffic accidents. Treating SAS results in a normalized rate of traffic accidents. As part of the COST Action B-26, we looked at driving license regulations, and especially at its medical aspects in the European region. Methods: We obtained data from Transport Authorities in 25 countries (Austria, AT; Belgium, BE; Czech Republic, CZ; Denmark, DK; Estonia, EE; Finland, FI; France, FR; Germany, DE; Greece, GR; Hungary, HU; Ireland, IE; Italy, IT; Lithuania, LT; Luxembourg, LU; Malta, MT; Netherlands, NL; Norway, EC; Poland, PL; Portugal, PT; Slovakia,…