Search results for "courts"

La responsabilità dirigenziale al cospetto del giudice ordinario

2021

This paper makes a case for the “contractual-publicist” nature of the managers’ liability regime, although this matter lies within the scope of civil courts’ jurisdiction. Even though the law assigns civil courts the role in deciding disputes regarding potential infringement of public managers claims, these should be considered legitimate expectations (public law) and not rights (civil law). Except for the recovery of the executive jurisdiction of the administrative court, if the administration refuses to fulfil the civil judgment and the public manager spontaneously appeals for compliance, rather than (or together with) the civil one of forced execution.

Nolikumi par tiesu un zemnieku iestāžu reformu Baltijas guberņās un nosacījumi par šo likumu spēkā celšanu

1889

Vispārīgs satura norādījums: 1. Tiesu Sastādījumu Satversme. 2. Ustavs par Civiltiesāšanu. 3. Nolikumi par Notariālo kārtību. 4. Ustavs par Krimināltiesāšanu. 5. Ustavs par Miera Tiesnešu spriežamiem sodiem. 6. Visaugstākā pavēle un 9. jūlija d. 1889.g. Visaugstāki apstiiprinātie Valsts Padomes nolēmumi. 7. Nolikumi par tiesu reformu Baltijas guberņās. 8. Nolikumi par zemnieku iestāžu reformu Baltijas guberņās. 9. Nosacījumi par tiesu un zemnieku iestāžu reformas likumu spēkā celšanu Baltijas guberņās.

Nolikumi par zemnieku tiesu reformu Baltijas guberņās: sludināti "Valdibas likumu un nosacijumu krājumā" pielikumā pie Nr. 78, 1889. gadā

1890

Pielikumā: "Nosacījumi par zemnieku tiesu iestāžu spēkā celšanu Baltijas guberņās" 118-159 pants. С приложением правил о приведении в действие крестьянских присутственных мест в Прибалтийских губерниях ст. 118-159

意大利调解制度的发展及评析

2013

Pheromonal emission during the mating behavior ofEurycotis floridana (Walker) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae)

1996

The sexual behavior of males and females ofEurycotis floridana was investigated and the various associated behavioral sequences are described. Olfactometer data proved that the male produces a volatile sex pheromone attractive at a distance to conspecific females. The male initiates courtship behavior by exposing the glandular areas on the anterior parts of abdominal tergites 2, 7, and 8. This male calling behavior was observed throughout the day. The males can mate when 8 days old, whereas virgin females are sexually receptive 18 days after becoming adults. Once attracted near the male, the female opens her genital atrium and climbs on the back of the male, where she feeds on the glandular…

Testing the assumptions of conditional handicap theory: costs and condition dependence of a sexually selected trait

2000

Conditional handicap models of sexual selection predict that sexual traits are reliable signals of male quality because they are (a) condition dependent and (b) costly to produce or maintain. In this study, my objective was to experimentally investigate whether the drumming of male Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata wolf spiders is a condition-dependent costly trait. Males court females by drumming dry leaves with their abdomen and females preferentially mate with males drumming at higher rates. I manipulated male phenotypic condition and drumming rate simultaneously by keeping males on three different food rations and either introducing or not introducing them to a female. Food ration treatment aff…

In situ behavior of wild long-snouted seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus Cuvier, 1829

2021

The study of behavior is one of the fundamental aspects of conservation biology. While for animals such as mammals there are well-defined protocols that have been applied for a long time, for marine animals, and fish in particular, studies are available for a limited number of species. The behavior of seahorses, for example, is poorly studied and in this work, we made a first attempt of using video recordings to analyze behavior of these endangered species in Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Southern Italy). The study presents preliminary data on behavioral activities and their comparisons among different life stages of Hippocampus guttulatus, namely females, males, and juveniles. Juveniles and fema…

Factors Affecting Male Song Evolution in Drosophila montana

2005

D. montana (a species of the D. virilis group) has spread over the northern hemisphere, populations from different areas showing both genetic and phenotypic divergence. The males of this species produce an elaborate courtship song, which plays a major role both in species recognition and in intraspecific mate choice. The genetic architecture and physical constraints, as well as the importance of the signal for species recognition, set boundaries within which this signal can vary. Within these limits, courtship song parameters may change, depending on the males' physical condition and on the environment they inhabit. Females are likely to affect song evolution by exerting directional selecti…

The political attribution of values to Intangible Cultural Heritage: the consuetudinary courts

2021

En el año 2009 la UNESCO incluyó el Tribunal de las Aguas de Valencia y el de Hombres Buenos de Murcia en la Lista Representativa del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad. Ambas instituciones de derecho consuetudinario fueron reconocidas a través de la más elevada categoría de protección inmaterial a nivel internacional. A lo largo de las últimas décadas se han emitido resoluciones consultivas (culturales, jurídicas) y desarrollado una agenda de investigación que suscitan el interés por el análisis de los valores atribuidos o atribuibles a ciertas manifestaciones culturales (materiales o inmateriales) cuya apelación serviría a los actores sociales y políticos para justificar su re…

2015

Insects encounter a vast repertoire of chemicals in their natural environment, which can signal positive stimuli like the presence of a food source, a potential mate, or a suitable oviposition site as well as negative stimuli such as competitors, predators, or toxic substances reflecting danger. The presence of specialized chemoreceptors like taste and olfactory receptors allow animals to detect chemicals at short and long distances and accordingly, trigger proper behaviors towards these stimuli. Since the first description of olfactory and taste receptors in Drosophila fifteen years ago, our knowledge on the identity, properties, and function of specific chemoreceptors has increased expone…