Search results for "crop"
showing 10 items of 3837 documents
Plot - A new tool for global vegetation analyses
2019
23Biodiversity Conservation Department, ISPRA – Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
2013
Vertebrate hosts often defend themselves against several co-infecting parasite genotypes simultaneously. This has important implications for the ecological dynamics and the evolution of host defence systems and parasite strategies. For example, it can drive the specificity of the adaptive immune system towards high genotype-specificity or cross-reactivity against several parasite genotypes depending on the sequence and probability of re-infections. However, to date, there is very little evidence on these interactions outside mammalian disease literature. In this study we asked whether genotype-specific or cross-reactive responses dominate in the adaptive immune system of a fish host towards…
Mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels from pyrethroid resistant salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)
2018
BACKGROUND Parasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) cause high economic losses in Atlantic salmon farming. Pyrethroids, which block arthropod voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav 1), are used for salmon delousing. However, pyrethroid resistance is common in L. salmonis. The present study characterized Nav 1 homologues in L. salmonis in order to identify channel mutations associated to resistance, called kdr (knockdown) mutations. RESULTS Genome scans identified three L. salmonis Nav 1 homologues, LsNav 1.1, LsNav 1.2 and LsNav 1.3. Arthropod kdr mutations map to specific Nav 1 regions within domains DI-III, namely segments S5 and S6 and the linker helix connecting S4 and S5. The above …
Phylogenetic and genomic relationships in Setaria italica and its close relatives based on the molecular diversity and chromosomal organization of 5S…
2001
We have analyzed the phylogenetic and genomic relationships in the genus Setaria Beauv. including diploid and tetraploid species, by means of the molecular diversity of the 5S rDNA spacer and chromosomal organization of the 5S and 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA genes. PCR amplification of the 5S rDNA sequences gave specific patterns. All the species studied here share a common band of about 340 bp. An additional band of an approximately 300-bp repeat unit was found for Setaria verticillata and the Chinese accessions of Setaria italica and Setaria viridis. An additional band of 450 bp was found in the sole species Setaria faberii. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used for physical mapping of the 5S …
Morphological and Physiological Root Traits and Their Relationship with Nitrogen Uptake in Wheat Varieties Released from 1915 to 2013
2021
Identifying genotypes with a greater ability to absorb nitrogen (N) may be important to reducing N loss in the environment and improving the sustainability of agricultural systems. This study extends the knowledge of variability among wheat genotypes in terms of morphological or physiological root traits, N uptake under conditions of low soil N availability, and in the amount and rapidity of the use of N supplied with fertilizer. Nine genotypes of durum wheat were chosen for their different morpho-phenological characteristics and year of their release. The isotopic tracer 15N was used to measure the fertilizer N uptake efficiency. The results show that durum wheat breeding did not have univ…
New Clones and Old Varieties: Quality of Sicilian Hillside Apple Cultivation
2021
Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the qualitative characteristics of the new clones according to the Mediterranean hillside growing environment and, at the same time, to highlight the qualitative peculiarities of the old varieties in order to avoid genetic loss. Introduction: Several apple varieties are constantly selected for improved quality traits and introduced for cultivation and marketing in addition to a few traditional and affirmed varieties. On the other side, local genotype and ancient varieties are still valorised due to the request of a niche market. Methods: We have studied the physico-chemical quality and the sensory traits of the fruit obtained in this particular en…
Fruit Quality Traits of Six Ancient Apple (Malus domesticaBorkh) Cultivars Grown in the Mediterranean Area
2015
ABSTRACTToday, ancient cultivars have been considered obsolete and replaced, leading to a dramatic loss of genetic diversity. In this trial we examined the quality of the six ancient apple cultivars: Bommino, Gelato, Miliadeci, Rotolari, Turco, and Virchiata. Fruit was submitted to the determination of physicochemical traits and a sensory profile was defined by a trained panel using 20 attributes. We also detected biometric data using a specific descriptor list. Obtained data showed interesting physicochemical and sensory traits among the observed cultivars. ‘Rotolari’, ‘Bommino’, and ‘Gelato’ should be used in breeding programs and revaluated for a placement on specific local markets.
Comparison of intra- and inter-pool crosses in faba beans (Vicia faba L.). I. Hybrid performance and heterosis in Mediterranean and German environmen…
1996
Two recently detected, promising CMS systems in faba bean have opened up new possibilities in hybrid breeding. This study was conducted to determine hybrid performance and heterosis of 33 intra-pool and 66 inter-pool crosses from a factorial of six European small-seeded (Minor), six European large-seeded (Major), and eight Mediterranean faba bean lines. The parent lines and F 1 crosses were evaluated at two German and seven Mediterranean environments for anthesis, maturity, yield, yield components and plant height. Yield in the Mediterranean environments was 60% of that in the German environments. European Minor lines and their intra-pool crosses were unadapted to Mediterranean environments…
Wild
2021
Graphical abstract
An Agronomic Evaluation of New Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Germplasm for Seed and Oil Yields under Mediterranean Climate Conditions
2019
Interest in oilseed crops for agro-industrial research and development projects has increased in the Mediterranean area, in recent years. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is of potential interest for agriculture mainly due to fatty acid content variability in the seed oil. The aim of this study was to assess the agronomic performance of 16 new safflower accessions together with safflower variety Montola 2000, used as a reference, in a semi-arid environment. Research was carried out in Sicily (Italy) from 2013&ndash