Search results for "cross-country"
showing 10 items of 43 documents
Arm swing during skating at different skiing speeds affects skiing mechanics and performance
2018
Arm swing has been shown to lead to greater maximal speed and movement economy in cross -country skiing. The current study aimed to investigate how arm swing alters skiing mechanics and contributes to performance and acceleration of the athlete’s centre of mass (COM). While skiing on snow seven highly skilled cross -country skiers simulated V2 -alternate skating without using ski poles and with double or single arm swing and without arm swing . During leg push -off the linear momentum of the body increased due to arm swing. Simultaneously, linear momentum of the arm(s) decreased in arm swing trials, indicating a transfer of momentum from arms to the rest of the body and being more prevalent…
Speed control of the V2 skating technique in elite cross-country skiers
2016
The aim was to examine how skiers control skiing speed using V2-skating. Subjects skied with three submaximal and maximal speeds on 100 m 4° uphill. Cycle variables and force parameters form the arms and legs were analysed. Cycle rate increased up to the maximum speed. Cycle length increased from the slowest speed to the all other speeds. Pole force and delta leg force increased up to the maximum speed. Ranges of motions and angular velocities of kick flexion and extension with knee and hip joints increased till highest submaximal speed. Speed was regulated with cycle length and rate while the latter was dominant after ∼5.0 m/s. Higher speed was reached with higher forces from arms and leg…
Cross-country comparisons on the relative relationship between education and workplace task discretion
2017
International audience
Early involvement and pathway specialization : a dropout track in cross-country skiing?
2013
Early sport specialization is often criticized for its potential to impair long-term athletic development. One of the most frequently cited consequences is dropout from further sport participation. Early diversification, within the Developmental Model of Sport Participation (DMSP), postulates that early sampling of various sports and late specialization should result in fewer dropouts. Still, empirical evidence supporting this claim remains scarce. The purpose of this study was to examine dropout rates among Finnish elite youth skiers in relationship to: (a) their developmental pathways, (b) age of first involvement with organized cross-country skiing, and (c) first encounter with organized…
Sports injuries in Finnish elite cross-country skiers, swimmers, long-distance runners and soccer players
2011
In sports with different exercise-loading characteristics, acute and overuse injury profiles and gender differences in injuries were investigated. In addition, trainingrelated risk factors for overuse injuries in endurance athletes were studied. This twelve-month retrospective questionnaire study comprised Finnish elite crosscountry skiers (n=149), swimmers (n=154), long-distance runners (n=143) and soccer players (n=128) aged 15–35 years. Questionnaires were sent to the athletes in each sports at the end of the 2006 competition season. Athletes who ended their sports career because of injury were studied in more detail by means of a telephone interview (n=20) 7-11 months after the question…
The Development and Precision of a Custom-Made Skitester
2021
In the sport of cross-country skiing, equipment has a direct influence on results. Ski teams do extensive testing of different ski base grinds and products on a yearly basis. To achieve reliable results, the quality of methods used for testing skis needs to be taken in to account in addition to factors including the physical characteristics of testing personnel and changes in weather conditions. The aim of this study was to introduce a custom-made skitester, that was developed for testing skis on real snow, in laboratory conditions, and to evaluate its precision. The current skitester is capable of glide testing both classic and skate skis as well as kick simulation for the testing of grip …
Validation of 2D Force Measurement Roller Ski and Practical Application.
2022
Several methods could be used to measure the forces from skis or roller skis in cross-country skiing. Equipment that could measure medio-lateral forces may be of good help for investigating the relevant skating techniques. The aim of this study was to validate a pair of newly designed two-dimensional force measurement roller skis. The vertical and medio-lateral forces which were perpendicular to the body of the roller ski could be measured. Forces were resolved into the global coordinate system and compared with the force components measured by a force plate. A static and dynamic loading situation for the force measurement roller ski was performed to reveal the validity of the system. To de…
Energetic demands and nutritional strategies of elite cross-country skiers during Tour de Ski : A narrative review
2021
The Tour de Ski (TDS: 6–9 sprint and distance races across 9–11 days) represents the most intense competition series of the cross-country (XC) ski season and is characterized by accumulated stress from consecutive days of high-intensity (~ 85%–160% VO2max) racing, travel, cold temperatures and low to moderate altitude (500–1500 m above sea level). Here, nutritional strategies play a key supportive role for optimized health, recovery and performance. This narrative review aims to provide an evidence-based discussion on the energetic demands of the TDS and recommendations for nutritional strategies to optimize health and performance of XC skiers during and following the TDS. We highlight seve…
Leisure‐time cross‐country skiing is associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes : A prospective cohort study
2020
Aims. Cross‐country skiing is associated with reduction in risk of adverse vascular outcomes, but its association with type 2 diabetes is uncertain. We aimed to assess the associations between leisure‐time cross‐country skiing habits and incident type 2 diabetes. Methods. We analyzed data of 2,483 middle‐aged men with no history of diabetes at baseline in the KIHD prospective study. The frequency, average duration, and intensity of leisure cross‐country skiing were assessed at baseline using a 12‐month physical activity questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) for type 2 diabetes were estimated. Results. During a median follow‐up of 21.6 years, 539 men developed type 2 diabetes. Type 2 …
Manufacturing export performance and public capital: an analysis by country technology position
2021
The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between public capital and manufacturing export performance. It also aims at investigating whether this relationship depends on the proximity of a country's technology frontier. To achieve this, we adopted a methodology that estimates the elasticities of public capital as a non-rival factor in a model that considers factor intensity as a mechanism of industrial development. We use an interaction model with panel data from 1999 to 2014 across 35 advanced and less advanced countries. Our results show that in countries far from the technology frontier, public capital accumulation is an element of industrial development as opposed to co…