Search results for "cycle"

showing 10 items of 3119 documents

Solid state halogen bonded networks vs. dynamic assemblies in solution: explaining N⋯X interactions of multivalent building blocks

2015

Tetrapyridine functionalized resorcinarene macrocycles were used as multivalent building blocks for the construction of halogen bonded networks with aryl halide linkers. In the solid state, resorcinarene macrocycles and aryl halide linker molecules assembled into interpenetrated, multidimensional halogen bonded networks with porous structure caused by the 3D block scaffold of the resorcinarenes. 19F NMR spectroscopy proved halogen bond formation also in solution, as either upfield or downfield shifts were observed depending on the bivalent or monovalent halogen bond binding mode. The binding mode in solution was explained by density functional theory computations. peerReviewed

chemistry.chemical_classificationHalogen bondta114ChemistryStereochemistryAryl halideSolid-stateGeneral ChemistryResorcinareneCondensed Matter PhysicsCrystallographyhalogen bonded networksHalogenMoleculeGeneral Materials ScienceDensity functional theoryta116Linkerresorcinarene macrocyclesaryl halide linkers
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5-Substituted 4,5-Dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-ones from the Unprecedented Reaction between α-N-Protected Amino Acid Hydrazides and NaBH4

2006

α-N-Protected amino acid hydrazides (1) readily reacted with NaBH4 to afford 5-substituted 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-one derivatives 2 in good yields. Unfortunately, the reaction caused partial racemization at the α-amino acidic carbon atom of the starting hydrazide. A mechanism, supported by experimental evidence, has been proposed in an attempt to explain this to date unprecedented reaction. The structure of compounds 2 was confirmed by X-ray structural analysis. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)

chemistry.chemical_classificationHydrazideCarbon atomAmino acids Cyclization- reduction reactions Heterocycles Hydrazides Sodium borohydrideHeterocycleOrganic ChemistryGeneral MedicineCyclization- reduction reactionsHeterocyclesHydrazidesHydrazideMedicinal chemistryAmino acidAmino acidchemistry.chemical_compoundSodium borohydridechemistryCyclization–reduction reactionsAmino acidsOrganic chemistryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryRacemizationSodium borohydrideEuropean Journal of Organic Chemistry
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Electrochemical study on a tricyclic 1,1,1-tricar-bonyl-2,3-1 diazaferrole derivative. II. Activation of carbon monoxide replacement by electron tran…

1986

Etudes, par voltammetrie cyclique, de la reduction electrochimique du complexe de diazaferratricyclodecene, en presence de P(OMe) 3

chemistry.chemical_classificationInorganic chemistryMetallacycleElectrochemistryElectrocatalystInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundElectron transferchemistryPolymer chemistryMaterials ChemistryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryCyclic voltammetryDerivative (chemistry)Carbon monoxideTricyclicInorganica Chimica Acta
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Enantioselective Protonation of the Lithium Transient Enolate of2-Methyltetralone with 2-Sulfinyl Alcohols

2005

A new catalytic cycle for the enantioselective protonation of cyclic ketone enolates with sulfinyl alcohols has been developed. An enol trifluoroacetate that can be easily obtained from the corresponding ketone is used for the first time as an enolate precursor of a cyclic ketone enolate. In this method, the achiral alcohol plays two roles: it is involved, as is usual in catalytic asymmetric protonation reactions, in the turnover of the chiral proton source and also in the generation of a transient enolate through the reaction of its corresponding alkoxide with the enol trifluoroacetate precursor. Stereoselectivity is highly dependent on the structure of the achiral alcohol. High levels of …

chemistry.chemical_classificationKetoneOrganic ChemistryEnantioselective synthesisCyclohexanolProtonationMedicinal chemistryEnolchemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryCatalytic cycleAlkoxideOrganic chemistryStereoselectivityPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryEuropean Journal of Organic Chemistry
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p38 MAPK: A dual role in hepatocyte proliferation through reactive oxygen species

2013

p38 MAPKs are important mediators of signal transduction that respond to a wide range of extracellular stressors such as UV radiation, osmotic shock, hypoxia, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. The most abundant family member is p38α, which helps to couple cell proliferation and growth in response to certain damaging stimuli. In fact, increased proliferation and impaired differentiation are hallmarks of p38α-deficient cells. It has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in cytokine-induced p38α activation. Under physiological conditions, p38α can function as a mediator of ROS signaling and either activate or suppress cell cycle progression depen…

chemistry.chemical_classificationMAPK/ERK pathwayReactive oxygen speciesMAP Kinase Signaling SystemCell growthp38 mitogen-activated protein kinasesCell Growth ProcessesGeneral MedicineCell cycleBiologymedicine.disease_causep38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesBiochemistryLiver regenerationCell biologychemistryHepatocytesmedicineAnimalsHumansSignal transductionReactive Oxygen SpeciesOxidative stressFree Radical Research
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How Humic Substances Dominate Mercury Geochemistry in Contaminated Floodplain Soils and Sediments

1998

The interaction of mercury (Hg) and humic substances (hs) was studied in floodplain topsoils and surface sediments of the contaminated German river Elbe. An intimate coupling exists between the geochemical cycles of Hg and organic carbon (OC) in this ecosystem. Humic substances exert a dominant influence on several important parallel geochemical pathways of Hg, including binding, transformation, and transport processes. Significant differences exist between the Hg-hs associations in floodplains and sediments. Both humic acids (ha) and fulvic acids (fa) contribute to Hg binding in the sediments. In contrast, ultrafiltration experiments proved that Hg in the floodplain soils is almost exclusi…

chemistry.chemical_classificationMERCURETotal organic carbonEnvironmental EngineeringSoil chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementManagement Monitoring Policy and LawPollutionRedoxGeochemical cycleHumusMercury (element)chemistryEnvironmental chemistryHumic acidWaste Management and DisposalWater Science and TechnologyJournal of Environmental Quality
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Fast and continuous synthesis of nanostructured iron spinel in supercritical water: influence of cations and citrates

2014

International audience; Spinel iron oxide nanoparticles were obtained under supercritical water conditions in a continuous and fast (less than 10s) way by modifying the initial stoichiometric Fe II /Fe III molar ratio from (1/2) to (3/0), without base solution, and using citrates directly with iron precursors. This result opens the way of an economical and environmentally benign approach to synthesize superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in important yields.

chemistry.chemical_classificationMaterials scienceBase (chemistry)Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticlesGeneral Chemical EngineeringSpinelInorganic chemistry02 engineering and technologyGeneral Chemistryengineering.material010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciences7. Clean energySupercritical fluid0104 chemical scienceschemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryMolar ratioengineeringIron oxide cycle[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics0210 nano-technologyStoichiometryIron oxide nanoparticles
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Regulation of the Urea Cycle during Lactation

1990

We have recently shown that the uptake of amino acids by rat lactating mammary gland is 15 mmoles/day (1). This effect is achieved by an increase in food intake during lactation and probably by changes in amino acid metabolism in other tissues. Rat liver removes 75% of the total amino acids derived from a protein meal (2); therefore plays a key role in the regulation of plasma amino acid concentration.

chemistry.chemical_classificationMealMammary glandHigh-protein dietmedicine.disease_causeAmino acidmedicine.anatomical_structureBiochemistrychemistryLactationRat liverUrea cyclemedicineAmino acid metabolism
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Biogeochemical evaluation of historical sediment contamination in the Gulf of Palermo (NW Sicily): Analysis of pseudotrace elements and stable isotop…

2012

Abstract Sedimentary biogeochemical data from the Gulf of Palermo, which borders one of the major urban and industrial areas of the central Mediterranean, provide a decennial–centennial-scale record of the effects of human activity on this coastal environment. In this study we report trace elements (TE), C org /N tot ratios, δ 13 C org , and δ 15 N tot from dated ( 210 Pb) sediments collected in two coastal stations variably influenced by urban/fluvial loadings and illegal dumping and we compare them with published data for offshore sediments, in order to investigate at a large spatial scale the influence of on-land activities on sedimentary marine system. TE were generally low except for H…

chemistry.chemical_classificationMediterranean climateSediment pollution Isotopic fractionation Nitrogen isotope Carbon isotope Tyrrenian Sea PalermoSettore BIO/07 - EcologiaBiogeochemical cycleStable isotope ratioAquatic ScienceOceanographyOceanographychemistryIsotopes of carbonSedimentary organic matterSedimentary rockOrganic matterEutrophicationEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsGeology
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Effect of earthworms on decomposition processes in raw humus forest soil: A microcosm study

1990

The earthworms Lumbricus rubellus (Hoffmeister) and Dendrobaena octaedra (Savigny) were studied in the laboratory to determine their effects on decomposition and nutrient cycling in coniferous forest soil. CO2 evolution was monitored, and pH, PO 4 3− −P, NH 4 + −N, NO 3 − −N, total N, and total C in the leaching waters were measured. After three destructive samplings, numbers of animals, mass loss, pH, and KCl-extractable nutrients were analysed. The earthworms clearly enhanced the mass loss of the substrate, especially that of litter. L. rubellus stimulated microbial respiration by 15–18%, whereas D. octaedra stimulated it only slightly. The worms significantly raised the pH of the leachin…

chemistry.chemical_classificationNutrient cycleSoil organic matterSoil biologyEarthwormSoil ScienceSoil scienceBiologyLumbricus rubellusbiology.organism_classificationMicrobiologyHumuschemistrySoil pHEnvironmental chemistryOrganic matterAgronomy and Crop ScienceBiology and Fertility of Soils
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