Search results for "decay"

showing 10 items of 2087 documents

Optimal control of the inversion of two spins in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

2012

International audience; We investigate the optimal control of the inversion of two spin 1/2 particles in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The two spins, which differ by their resonance offset, are controlled by the same radio frequency magnetic field. Using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle, we compute the optimal control sequence which allows to reach the target state in a given time, while minimizing the energy of the magnetic field. A comparison with the time-optimal solution for bounded control amplitude realizing the same control in the same time is made. An experimental illustration is done using techniques of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

Larmor precessionPhysics010304 chemical physicsSpinsPulsed EPRGeneral Physics and AstronomyBROAD-BAND EXCITATIONOptimal control01 natural sciencesNMRMagnetic fieldPULSESFree induction decayNuclear magnetic resonance2-LEVEL QUANTUM-SYSTEMSBloch equationsOPTIMAL-CONTROL DESIGN0103 physical sciencesRadio frequencyPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry010306 general physicsPOPULATION
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Measure of a limestone weathering degree using Laser Scanner.

2013

The weathering degree of the building materials and natural stones is generally quantified as the decrement of some mechanical features that can be measured experimentally by means of compressive tests or point load tests in the laboratory or Schmidt hammer tests carried out in situ. Such destructive or damaging tests are unacceptable in case of cultural heritage since even small amounts of damage must be avoided. This work shows a correlation between Schmidt hammer rebound values and the reflectivity that is detected by means of terrestrial scanner laser; therefore it allows assessing the weathering degree of buildings or stones in situ. The results demonstrate that such an investigation c…

Laser Scanner Schmidt Hammer Limestone Decay Raman Microscopy Mineralogical Petrographic CharacterizationEngineeringMeasure (data warehouse)ScannerSettore ICAR/07 - GeotecnicaVisual Arts and Performing ArtsLaser scanningNatural stonebusiness.industryWeatheringConservationterrestrial scanner laserReflectivityDegree (temperature)Settore ING-IND/22 - Scienza E Tecnologia Dei MaterialiSchmidt hammernodular limestoneArchitectureSchmidt hammerGeotechnical engineeringmechanical decaybusinessnodular limestone; weathering degree; Schmidt hammer; terrestrial scanner laser; mechanical decayweathering degreeSettore GEO/05 - Geologia Applicata
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Predictive discrete dark matter model and neutrino oscillations

2012

Dark Matter stability can be achieved through a partial breaking of a flavor symmetry. In this framework we propose a type-II seesaw model where left-handed matter transforms nontrivially under the flavor group Delta(54), providing correlations between neutrino oscillation parameters, consistent with the recent Daya-Bay and RENO reactor angle measurements, as well as lower bounds for neutrinoless double beta decay. The dark matter phenomenology is provided by a Higgs-portal.

Left handedPhysicsNuclear and High Energy PhysicsParticle physics010308 nuclear & particles physicsHigh Energy Physics::PhenomenologyDark matterScalar field dark matterFísica01 natural sciencesSeesaw molecular geometryDouble beta decay0103 physical sciencesHiggs bosonHigh Energy Physics::Experiment010306 general physicsNeutrino oscillationPhenomenology (particle physics)Physical Review D
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Lemon post-harvest decay control by natural products

2008

Postharvest diseases of lemon fruits represent one of the most severe sources of loss production. They are controlled by imazalil (IMZ), thiabendazole (TBZ) and sodium ortho-phenil-phenate (SOPP) registered fungicides for postharvest treatments. Nowadays, the chemical use is becoming more restricted for environmental concerns and development of fungicide-tolerance strains of fungal pathogens. In the last few years a renewed interest in alternative methods of postharvest decay control has been increasing and the research for natural products has provided encouraging results. The aim of this research has been the in vitro and in vivo effectiveness evaluation of six essences (garlic, cloves, o…

Lemon post-harvest decay natural productsSettore AGR/12 - Patologia Vegetale
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Anomalous tracer diffusion in film forming colloidal dispersions

2000

Film forming colloidal dispersions can be conceived as a material composed of interpenetrating hydrophobic (polymer) and hydrophilic (partially broken interfaces) phases where the transport properties of one phase are influenced by the geometric confinement effect imposed by the other. We studied the transport properties of film forming colloidal dispersions by introducing hydrophobic dye molecules into the colloidal particles and determining their motion with forced Rayleigh Scattering as a function of length scale (grating distance A) and water content. At water contents between 18 and 3 weight percent we find signatures of anomalous tracer diffusion, namely stretched exponential decay cu…

Length scaleMaterials scienceAnomalous diffusionRelaxation (NMR)General Physics and AstronomyFick's laws of diffusionsymbols.namesakeChemical physicsPhase (matter)Polymer chemistrysymbolsDiffusion (business)Exponential decayRayleigh scatteringLe Journal de Physique IV
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Advances in Mössbauer Emission Spectroscopy

1990

After effects following nuclear transformation have been extensively studied in a large variety of matrices by Mossbauer Emission Spectroscopy (MES). The branching ratios of transient atomic charge states and energetically unstable states of the environment, excitations of electronic ligand field states and populations out of equilibrium within the electronic ground state manifold have been studied. Recent developments and also new insights and understandings of different aspects of the aftereffects of radioactive decay of57Co in semiconductors and molecular crystals are reviewed. A detailed picture of the decay process within the electronic states of the nucleogenic Fe3+ species could be o…

Ligand field theoryNuclear and High Energy PhysicsAuger electron spectroscopyPhononChemistryCondensed Matter PhysicsAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsNucleogenicMössbauer spectroscopyEmission spectrumPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAtomic physicsGround stateRadioactive decayHyperfine Interactions
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Dependence of two-proton radioactivity on nuclear pairing models

2017

Sensitivity of two-proton emitting decay to nuclear pairing correlation is discussed within a time-dependent three-body model. We focus on the $^6$Be nucleus assuming $\alpha + p + p$ configuration, and its decay process is described as a time-evolution of the three-body resonance state. For a proton-proton subsystem, a schematic density-dependent contact (SDDC) pairing model is employed. From the time-dependent calculation, we observed the exponential decay rule of a two-proton emission. It is shown that the density dependence does not play a major role in determining the decay width, which can be controlled only by the asymptotic strength of the pairing interaction. This asymptotic pairin…

Light nucleusNuclear TheoryNuclear TheoryFOS: Physical sciences01 natural sciences114 Physical sciencesDECAYSNuclear Theory (nucl-th)symbols.namesakeENERGY-LEVELSLIMITS0103 physical sciencesmedicineExponential decayNuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)010306 general physicsNuclear ExperimentNuclear ExperimentPhysicsta114010308 nuclear & particles physicsQUASI-STATIONARY STATEproton emissionTime evolutionwidthsnuclear forcesScattering lengthDRIP-LINEmedicine.anatomical_structureLIGHT-NUCLEIDensity distributionPairing3-BODY SYSTEMfew-body systemssymbolslifetimesAtomic physicsHamiltonian (quantum mechanics)Nucleus
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Precise measurement of $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay of $^{100}$Mo with the CUPID-Mo detection technology

2020

We report the measurement of the two-neutrino double-beta ($2\nu\beta\beta$) decay of $^{100}$Mo to the ground state of $^{100}$Ru using lithium molybdate (\crystal) scintillating bolometers. The detectors were developed for the CUPID-Mo program and operated at the EDELWEISS-III low background facility in the Modane underground laboratory. From a total exposure of $42.235$ kg$\times$d, the half-life of $^{100}$Mo is determined to be $T_{1/2}^{2\nu}=[7.12^{+0.18}_{-0.14}\,\mathrm{(stat.)}\pm0.10\,\mathrm{(syst.)}]\times10^{18}$ years. This is the most accurate determination of the $2\nu\beta\beta$ half-life of $^{100}$Mo to date. We also confirm, with the statistical significance of $>3\sigm…

Lithium molybdatePhysics - Instrumentation and DetectorsPhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)Analytical chemistry[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]nucl-ex01 natural sciencesAtomicchemistry.chemical_compoundParticle and Plasma Physicstwo-neutrino double-beta decay scintillating bolometers0103 physical sciencesddc:530Beta (velocity)Nuclear[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]010306 general physicsNuclear ExperimentEngineering (miscellaneous)physics.ins-detS076H2NPhysicsQuantum Physics010308 nuclear & particles physicsPhysicsMolecularBeta decayNuclear & Particles Physics3. Good healthchemistrydouble beta decays bolometersUnderground laboratoryGround state
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Lyapunov Functions for Second-Order Differential Inclusions: A Viability Approach

2001

AbstractIn this paper the existence of Lyapunov functions for second-order differential inclusions is analyzed by using the methodology of the Viability Theory. A necessary assumption on the initial states and sufficient conditions for the existence of local and global Lyapunov functions are obtained. An application is also provided.

Lyapunov functionsecond orderViability theoryApplied MathematicsMathematical analysisOrder (ring theory)Lyapunov exponentExponential functionsymbols.namesakeDifferential inclusiondifferential inclusionssymbolsLyapunov equationviability theoryExponential decayAnalysisMathematicsLyapunov functionsJournal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications
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Characterization of a medium size Xe/TMA TPC instrumented with microbulk Micromegas, using low-energy gamma-rays

2014

NEXT-MM is a general-purpose high pressure (10 bar, $\sim25$ l active volume) Xenon-based TPC, read out in charge mode with an 8 cm $\times$8 cm-segmented 700 cm$^2$ plane (1152 ch) of the latest microbulk-Micromegas technology. It has been recently commissioned at University of Zaragoza as part of the R&D of the NEXT $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiment, although the experiment's first stage is currently being built based on a SiPM/PMT-readout concept relying on electroluminescence. Around 2 million events were collected during the last months, stemming from the low energy $\gamma$-rays emitted by a $^{241}$Am source when interacting with the Xenon gas ($\epsilon$ = 26, 30, 59.5 keV). The localized…

MECANICA DE LOS MEDIOS CONTINUOS Y TEORIA DE ESTRUCTURASDrift velocityPhysics - Instrumentation and DetectorsXenonTime projection chambersDouble-beta decayNuclear physicschemistry.chemical_element01 natural sciencesMicrobulkNuclear physicsTECNOLOGIA ELECTRONICASilicon photomultiplierXenon0103 physical sciencesTrimethylamineDiffusion (business)010306 general physicsInstrumentationMathematical PhysicsDetectors de radiacióPhysicsAtmospheric pressure010308 nuclear & particles physicsGamma rayMicroMegas detectorHigh pressurechemistryTime projection chamberNuclear countersFísica nuclearMicromegasBar (unit)
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