Search results for "decision support"

Disabled People from Welfare to Jobs: A Decision Support Tool

2012

Despite repeated statements from successive governments in Norway, disabled people employment rate remains unchanged since 2000. A range of studies to describe and analyse the situation qualitatively and quantitatively have been performed, however we have not been able to find any study containing a decision support tool focusing on this issue. This paper presents a simulation model, built using the System Dynamics methodology. The model focuses on enabling disabled people to move from welfare to work, incorporating attitudes of disabled people and employers. The model is designed to cover selected factors that are believed to enable and encourage disabled people to take up jobs. It is inte…

On the definition of generic multi-layered ontologies for urban applications

2000

Cooperation of information systems is essential for providing decision support for urban management applications. This involves sharing data across collections of the heterogeneous information systems that are used to manage large urban infrastructures. The objective of this work is to define a spatial ontology to describe key features of urban applications, providing a foundation for semantic reconciliation among heterogeneous spatial information sources. We propose a multi-layered ontologies definition framework consisting of ontology layers which are composed of a generic functional structure and one or more domain ontologies. The functional structure embodies general ontological concept…

Accessibility of Norwegian Municipalities Websites: A Decision Support Tool

2011

Access to public websites is crucial to assure equal opportunities for all citizens to participate in society. Although, a range of studies to analyse the accessibility of websites have been carried out, we have not been able to find any study evaluating the effect of managerial decisions on the accessibility of websites. This paper presents a demonstrator simulation model, built using System Dynamics methodology. The model focuses on accessibility of Norwegian Municipal websites, and is intended to be used as a decision support tool, mainly for managers responsible for website development and maintenance. To build the underlying model we have used information collected from in-depth interv…

Having the Final Say: Machine Support of Ethical Decisions of Doctors

2014

Machines that support highly complex decisions of doctors have been a reality for almost half a century. In the 1950s, computer-supported medical diagnostic systems started with “punched cards in a shoe box”. In the 1960s and 1970s medicine was, to a certain extent, transformed into a quantitative science by intensive interdisciplinary research collaborations of experts from medicine, mathematics and electrical engineering; This was followed by a second shift in research on machine support of medical decisions from numerical probabilistic to knowledge based approaches. Solutions of the later form came to be known as (medical) expert systems, knowledge based systems research or Artificial In…

Guidelines to compare additive and subtractive manufacturing approaches under the energy demand perspective

2020

In order to characterise the environmental performance of additive manufacturing (AM) processes, comparative analyses are required. Different manufacturing approaches (such as additive and subtractive ones), besides adopting different equipment, use different kinds and amounts of material. Therefore, the material-related flow has to be followed throughout the entire product life. Differences in environmental impact arise at each step of the life cycle: material production, manufacturing, use, disposal, and transportation. A life cycle-based methodology able to take due account of all the factors of influence on the total energy demand for the production of metal components is given in this …

A journey into the information Typhoon: Typhoon Haiyan DRL Field Report Findings and Research Insights:

2013

A multi-methodology and sustainability-supporting framework for implementation and assessment of a holistic building renovation

La ristrutturazione degli edifici in futuro dovrà essere condotta secondo una prospettiva più olistica legata alla sostenibilità vista in una più ampia gamma di obiettivi/criteri e facilitata dagli scenari di ristrutturazione possibili. La ristrutturazione degli edifici dovrebbe servire a migliorarne le performance al fine di soddisfare le esigenze degli utenti, rendendo questi ultimi meno vulnerabili in relazione ai futuri costi energetici. Vi è un grande potenziale per ridurre il consumo di energia negli edifici esistenti. Tuttavia, ciò non deve comprometterè i valori architettonici e di qualità che rendono particolari. Pertanto, non possono essere semplicemente rinnovati, ma devono subir…

Environmental modelling of aluminium based components manufacturing routes: Additive manufacturing versus machining versus forming

2018

Abstract Additive Manufacturing represents, by now, a viable alternative for metal-based components production. Therefore the designer, often, has to select among three options at process design stage: subtractive, mass conserving, and additive approaches. The selection of a given process, besides affecting the manufacturing step impact, influences significantly the impact related to the material production step. If the process enables a part weight reduction (as the Additive Manufacturing approaches do) even the use phase is affected by the manufacturing approach selection. The present research provides a comprehensive environmental manufacturing approaches comparison for components made o…

IA neuro-symbolique pour l'interprétation granulaire des données des bases STUPS© et OTARIES© : défis applicatifs et perspectives

2023

Historiquement, l'intelligence artificielle (IA) s'est divisée en 2 courants selon les hypothèses faites pour modéliser l'intelligence humaine : l'IA symbolique, supposant que des symboles sont nécessaires, et l'IA statistique (plus particulièrement l'IA connexionniste) affirmant le contraire. Dernièrement, l'IA neuro-symbolique tente de réconcilier les 2. Les travaux présentés dans cet article sont en en collaboration avec la Police Scientifique française, dans le contexte du Plan National Stup. Nous présentons les problématiques métiers en lien avec le projet, puis en déduisons les problématiques scientifiques. Après un rappel des domaines de l'IA et leurs limites, nous présentons un état…

eHealth Initiatives for The Promotion of Healthy Lifestyle and Allied Implementation Difficulties

2019

Research in eHealth has opened a new dimension to improve personal healthcare with the help of information and communication technologies (ICT). eHealth is an ‘umbrella term’ for the use of ICT for health. Remote care-giving technologies (mHealth, Telehealth, Telemedicine) are an extended branch of eHealth initiatives. The concept of health e- Coaching is another promising initiative of eHealth research for real-time personalized lifestyle support. The focus of eHealth initiatives is to deliver high quality, evidence-based, secure, cost- effective, timely care to support people for sustaining a healthy lifestyle. However, the practical implementation of different eHealth initiatives has oft…